卷四十五·魏四十五
◎ 阮籍(二)
◇ 为郑冲劝晋王笺
冲等死罪。伏见嘉命显至,窃闻明公固让,冲等眷眷,实有愚心,以为圣王作制,百代同风,褒德赏功,有自来矣。昔伊尹,有莘氏之媵臣耳,一佐成汤,遂荷「阿衡」之号;周公藉已成之势,据既安之业,光宅曲阜,奄有龟蒙;吕尚,溪之渔者,一朝指麾,乃封营丘。自是以来,功薄而赏厚者不可胜数,然贤哲之士犹以为美谈。况自先相国以来,世有明德,翼辅魏室以绥天下,朝无阙政,民无谤言。前者明公西征灵州,北临沙漠,榆中以西,望风震服,羌戎东驰,回首内向;东诛叛逆,全军独克,禽阖闾之将,斩轻锐之卒以万万计,威加南海,名慑三越,宇内康宁,苛慝不作,是以殊俗畏威,东夷献舞。故圣上览乃昔以来礼典旧章,开国光宅,显兹太原。明公宜承圣旨,受兹介福,允当天人。元功盛勋光光如彼,国士嘉祚巍巍如此,内外协同,靡愆靡违。由斯征伐,则可朝服济江,埽除吴会;西塞江源,望祀岷山,回戈弭节以麾天下,远无不服,迩无不肃。今大魏之德光于唐虞,明公盛勋超于桓文。然後临沧州而谢支伯,登箕山而揖许由,岂不盛乎!至公至平,谁与为邻!何必勤勤小让也哉?冲等不通大体,敢以陈闻。(《文选》又见《晋书·文帝纪》) ◇ 诣蒋公奏记辞辟命
籍死罪死罪。伏惟明公以含一之德,据上台之位,群英翘首,俊贤抗足。开府之日,人人自以为掾属,辟书始下,而下走为首。昔子夏处西河之上而文侯拥彗,邹子居黍谷之阴而昭王陪乘。夫布衣韦带之士,孤居独立,王公大人所以屈体而下之者,为道存也。今籍无邹上之德而有其陋,猥烦大礼,何以当之?方将耕于东皋之阳,输黍稷之余税,以避当涂者之路。负薪疲病,足力不强,补吏之召,非所克堪。乞回谬恩,以光清举。(《文选》,《晋书·阮籍传》)
违由鄙钝,学行固野,进无和俗崇誉之高,退无静默恬冲之操猥见显饰,非所被荷。旧素瘵,守病委劣,拜谒之命,未敢堪任。昔荣期带索,仲尼不易其三乐;仲子守志,楚王不夺其灌园。贪荣塞贤,昧进负讥,忧望交集,五情相愧。明公侔踪鲁卫,勋隆桓文,广延俊杰,恢崇大业。乞降期会,以避清路,毕愿家巷,惟蒙于许。(此篇明刻阮集不载,见旧写本集。) ◇ 与晋文王书荐卢播
盖闻兴化济治,在于得人;收奇拔异,圣贤高致。是以八士归周,周道以隆;虞舜登庸,元凯咸事。伏惟明公公侯,皇灵诞秀,九德光被,应期作辅,论道敷化,开辟四门,延纳羽翼贤士,以赞雍熙。是以英俊之士愿排皇闼,策名委质,真荐之徒,辐辏大府;诚以邓林、昆吾、翔凤所栖;悬黎和肆,垂棘所集。伏见鄙州驾同郡卢播,年三十二,字景宣,少有才秀之异,长怀淑茂之量。眈道悦礼,仗义依仁。研精坟典,长堂睹奥。聪鉴物理,口通玄妙。贞固足以干事,忠敬足以肃朝,明断足以质疑,机密足以应权,临烦不惑,在急弥明。若得佐时理物,则政事之器;衔命聘享,则专对之才。潜心图籍,文学之宗。敷藻载述,良史之表。然而学不为人,行不求达,故久沈沦,未阶太清。诚后门之秀伟,当时之利器,宜蒙旌命,和味鼎铉。孔子曰:「如有所誉,必有所试。」播之所能,著在已效。不敢虚饰,取谤大府。(本集,《艺文类聚》五十三)
◇ 答伏义书
藉白:承音览旨,有心翰迹。夫九苍之高,迅羽不能寻其巅;四溟之深,幽鳞不能测其底;矧无毛分所能论哉!且玄云无定体,应龙不常仪;或朝济夕卷,翕忽代兴;或泥潜天飞,晨降宵升,舒体则八维不足以畅迹,促节则无间足以从容;是又瞽夫所不能瞻,琐虫所不能解也。然则弘修渊邈者,非近力所能究矣;灵变神化者,非局器所能察矣。何吾子之区区而吾真之务求乎!人力势不能齐,好尚舛异。鸾凤凌云汉以舞翼,鸠宛鸟悦蓬林以翱翔;螭浮八滨以濯鳞,鳖娱行潦而群逝;斯用情各从其好,以取乐焉。据此非彼,胡可齐乎?夫人之立节也。将舒网以笼世,岂樽樽以入罔?方开模以范俗,何暇毁质以通(或作「适」)检?若良运未协,神机无准,则腾精抗志,邈世高超,荡精举于玄区之表,摅妙节于九垓之外。而翱翔之乘景跃甚踔陵忽慌,从容与道化同,逍遥与日月并流,交名虚以齐变,及英以等化。上乎无上,下乎无下,居乎无室,出乎无门。齐万物之去留,随六气之虚盈。总玄网于太极,抚天一于寥廓。飘埃不能扬其波,飞尘不能垢其洁。徒寄形躯于斯域,何精神之可察?虽业无不闻,略无不称,而明有所逮,未可怪也。观君子之趋:欲倾城之金,求百钱之售;制造天之礼,拟肤寸之检;劳王躬以役物,守臊秽以自毕;沈牛迹之薄,愠河汉之无根;其陋可愧,其事可悲。亮规略之悬逾,信大道之弘幽。且局步于常衢,无为思远以自愁。比连疹愦,力喻不多。阮籍白。
◇ 老子赞 阴阳不测,变化无伦。飘遥太素,归虚反真。(《御览》一)
◇ 通易论
阮子曰:《易》者何也?乃昔之玄真,往古之变经也。庖牺氏当天地一终,值人物憔悴,利用不存,法制夷昧,神明之德不通,万物之情不类,于是始作八卦。引而伸之,触类而长之,分阴阳,序刚柔,积山泽,连水火,杂而一之,变而通之,终于未济。六十四卦尽而不穷,是以天地象而万物形,吉凶著而悔吝生,事用有取,变化有成。南面听断,向明而治,结绳而为网罟,致日中之货,修耒沥耜之利以教,天下皆得其所。
黄帝、尧、舜应时当务,各有攸取,穷神知化,述则天序。庖牺氏布演六十四卦之变;后世圣人观而因之,象而用之。禹汤之经皆在而上古之文不存,至乎文王,故系其辞,于是归藏氏逝而周典经兴,上下无常,刚柔相易,不可为典要,惟变所适,故谓之易。
《易》之为书也,本天地,因阴阳,推盛衰,出自幽微以致明著。故乾元初「潜龙勿用」,言大人之德隐而未彰,潜而未达,待时而兴,循变而发。天地既没,屯蒙始生,需以待时,讼以立义,师以聚众,比以安民,是以「先王以建万国,亲诸侯」,收其心也。原而积之,畜而制之,是以上下和洽,「裁成天地之道,辅相天地之宜以左右民」,顺其理也。先王既没,德法乖易,上陵下替,君臣不制,刚柔不和,天地不交,是以君子一类求同,遏恶扬善,以致其大。谦而光之,褒多益寡,崇圣善以命,雷出于地,于是大人得立,明圣又兴,故先王作乐荐上帝,昭明其道以答天贶。于是万物服从,随而事之,子遵其父,臣承其君,临驭统一,大观天下,是以先王以省方观民、设教,仪之以度也。包而有之,合而含之,故先王用之以明罚敕法。自上乃下,贵复其贱,美成亨尽,时极日致,先王闭关,商旅不行,后不省方,以静民也。季叶既衰,非谋之获,应运顺天,不妄而(一作「其」。)作,故先王茂对时育万物,施仁布泽以树其德也。万物归随,如法流承,养善反恶,利积生害,刚过失柄,习坎以位,上失其道,下丧其群,于是大人继明,照于四方,显其德也。自乾元以来,施平而明,盛衰有时,刚柔无常,或得或失,一阴一阳,出入吉凶,由暗察彰;文明以止,有翼不飞,随之乃存,取之者归,施之以若,用之在微,贵变慎小,与物相追。非知来藏往者,莫之能审也。
《易》之为书也,覆焘天地之道,囊括万物之情,道至而反,事极而改。「反」用应时,「改」用当务。应时,故天下仰其泽;当务,故万物恃其利。泽施而天下服,此天下之所以顺自然,惠生类也。富贵侔天地,功名充六合,莫之能倾,莫之能害者,道不逆也。天地,易之主也。万物,易之心也;故虚以受之,感以和之。男下女上,通其气也;柔以承刚,久其类也;顺而持之,遁而退之。上隆下积,刚动大壮。正大必用,力盛则望;明升惟进,光大则伤;聚以处身,异以成类。乖离既解,缓以为失。损益有时,察以主使。扬于王庭,乘五马败。刚既决柔,上索下合。令臣遭明君,以柔遇刚,品物咸亨。刚据中正,天下大行,是以后用施命诰四国,贵离教也。于是天地萃聚,百姓合用。(一作同。)升而不已,届极及下,井养不穷,卑不能通,不可弗革。改以成器,尊卑有分,长幼有序。主之以震,守之以威。动不可终,敌应而行。渐以进之,为人求位,君子之欲进者也。臣之求君,阴之从阳,委之归诚,乃得其所。归而应之,专而一之,阳德受归,道丰位大也。贤人君子,有众以成其大也。穷侈丧大夫之位,群而靡容,容而无所。卑身下意,利见大人。巽以申命,柔顺乎刚。入而说之,说而教之,顺而应人。涣然成章,风行水上,有文有光,男行不穷,女位乎外,众阴承五,上同在中,从初更始,乘木有功,故先王以享于帝,立庙,奉天建国也。刚柔分适得中,节之以制,其道不穷。信爱结内,刚得中位,诚发于心,庶物唯类,大得则亏,甚往则过,既应于远,默则不利,故君子是以行重乎恭,丧重乎哀,笃伪薄也。小过下泰,不宜于上,下止上动,有飞鸟之象焉。初六坎下,上六离体,飞鸟以凶,是以灾眚也。柔处中,刚失位,利与时行,过而欲遂,小亨正象,阴皆乘阳,阳刚凌替,君臣易位,乱而不已,非中之谓,故君子思患而豫防之,虑其败也。通变无穷,周败又始,刚未出,阴在中,柔济不遗,遂度不穷,则象河、洛,神物设教而天下服。慎辨居方,阴阳相求,初与之道,远作之由也。
卦体开阖,乾以一为开,坤以二为阖。乾坤成体而刚柔有位,故木老于未,水生于申,而坤在西南;火老于戌,木生于亥,而乾在西北;刚柔之际也。故谓之父母。阳承震动,发而相承,专制遂行,万物以兴,故谓之长男;水老于辰,金生于巳,一气存之,终而复起,故巽为长女;震发于风,阴德有纪,火中贝鸣,母道将始,故离为中女;又在西北,健战将升,季阴幼昧,衰而不胜,故兑为少女。仓中拔留,肇幽为阳,在中未达,含而未章,故坎为中男;周流接合,万物既终,造微更始,明而未融,故艮为少男。乾圆坤方,女柔男刚,健柔时推,而福祸是将,循化知生,从变见亡;故吉凶成败,不可乱也。
大过何也?栋桡莫辅,大者过也。先王之驭世也。刑设而不犯,罚著而不施,习坎刚中,惟以心亨,王正其德,公守厥职,上下不疑,臣主无惑。纳约自牖,非户何咎?车骑中门,剑戟在闼,虽丛棘,凶已三岁,上六失道,刑决也。故高宗伐鬼方,柔道中也;三年有赏,德乃丰也。同人五(一作「先」。)号,思其终也;旅上之美,乐其穷也。是以失刑者严而不检,丧德者高而不尊,故君子正义以守位,固法以威民,何衢则亨,灭耳而凶也。小过何也?逾位凌上,害正危身,小者过也。既济初六终乱何也?水加日上,三阴乘阳,以力求济,不止必亡,故初吉终乱也。未济上六,饮酒无咎,何也?过而莫改,危而弗间,谁咎之也?无妄何也?无望而至,非会合阴阳之违行也。六三,无妄之灾,或系之牛,行人得之,邑人灾,何也?有国而不收其民,有众而不修其器,行人得之,不亦灾乎?九五之疾勿药,何也?非常之厚,离以为同,无妄之疾,灾以除凶,天时成败,何疾之功?勿药有喜,不成何识(一作「试」)也。
龙者何也?阳健之类,盛德尊贵之喻也。配天之厚,盛德莫高之谓尊贵。大人受命,处中当阳,德之至也。亢龙有悔,何也?继守承贵,有因而德不充者也。欲大而不顾其小,甘侈而不思其匮,居正上位而无卑,有贵劳而无据,丧志危身,是以悔也。先王何也?大人之功也。故建万国,亲诸侯,树其义也。作乐荐上帝,正其命也;省方观民,施其令也;明罚敕法,督其政也;闭关不行,静乱民也;茂时育德,应显其福也;享帝立庙,昭其禄也。称圣王所造,非承平之谓也。后者何也?成君定位,据业修制,保教守法,畜履治安者也。故自然成功济用,已至大通,后成天地之道以左右民也。成化理决,施令诰方,因统绍衰,中处将正之务,非应初受命之事也。上者何也?日月相易,盛衰相及,致饰则利之未捷受,故王后不称,君子不错,上以厚下,道自然也。君子者何也?佐圣扶命,翼教明法,观时而行,有道而臣人者也。因正德以理其义,察危废以守其身。故经纶以正盈,果行以遂义,饮食以须时,辩义以作事,皆所以章先王之建国,辅圣人之神志也。见险虑难,思患豫防,别物居方,慎初敬始,皆人臣之行,非大君之道也。大人者何也?龙德潜达,贵贱通明,有位无称,大以行之,故大过灭示天下幽明,大人发辉重光,继明照于四方,万物仰生,合德天地,不为而成,故大人虎变,天德兴也。 君子曰:《易》,顺天地,序万物,方圆有正体,四时有常位,事业有所丽,鸟兽有所萃,故万物莫不一也。阴阳性生,性故有刚柔,刚柔情生,情故有爱恶。爱恶生得失,得失生悔吝,悔吝著而吉凶见。八卦居方以正性,著龟圆通以索情。情性交而利害出,故立仁义以定性,取著龟以制情。仁义有偶而祸福分,是故圣人以建天下之位,守尊卑之制,序阴阳之适,别刚柔之节。顺之者存,逆之者亡,得之者身安,失之者身危,故犯之以别(一作「利」。)求者,虽吉必凶;知之以守笃者,虽穷必通。故寂寞者德之主,恣睢者贼之原,进往者反之初,终尽者始之根也。是以未至不可坼也。已用不可越也。纣有天下之号,而比匹夫之类邻;周处小侯之细,而享于西山之宾。外内之应已施,而贵贱之名未分,何也?天道未究,善恶未淳也。是以明夫天之道者不欲,审乎人之德者不忧。在上而不凌乎下,处卑而不犯乎贵,故道不可逆,德不可拂也。是以圣人独立无闷,大群不益,释之而道存,用之而不可既。
由此观之,《易》以通矣。
◇ 通老论
圣人明于天人之理,达于自然之分,通于治化之体,审于大慎之训,故君臣垂拱,完太素之朴;百姓熙怡,保性命之和。(《御览》一) 道者,法自然而为化,侯王能守之,万物将自化。《易》谓之「太极」,《春秋》谓之「元」,《老子》谓之「道」。(《御览》一)
三皇依道,五帝仗德,三王施仁,五霸行义,强国任智。盖优劣之异,薄厚之降也。(《御览》七十七)
◇ 达庄论
伊单阏之辰,执徐之岁,万物权舆之时,季秋遥夜之月,先生徘徊翱翔,迎风而游,往遵乎赤水之上,来登乎隐坌之丘,临乎曲辕之道,顾乎泱漭之州,恍然而止,忽然而休,不识曩之所以行,今之所以留,怅然而无乐,愀然而归白素焉。平昼闲居,隐几而弹琴。于是缙绅好事之徒相与闻之,共议撰辞合句,启所常疑。乃窥鉴整饰,嚼齿先引,推年蹑踵,相随俱进。奕奕然步,月商月商然视,投迹蹈阶,趋而翔至。差肩而坐,恭袖而检,犹豫相林。(一作熙。)莫肯先占。
有一人,是其中雄桀也。乃怒目击势而大言曰:「吾生乎唐虞之后,长乎文武之裔,游乎成康之隆,盛乎今者之世,诵乎六经之教,习乎吾儒之迹,被沙衣、冠飞翮、垂曲裙、扬双有日矣;而未闻乎至道之要,有以异之于斯乎!且大人称之,细人承之;愿闻至教,以发其疑。」先生曰:「何哉,子之所疑者?」客曰:「天道贵生,(《艺文类聚》三十七作「贵顺」。)地道贵贞,圣人修之,以建其名,吉凶有分,是非有经,务利高势,恶死重生,故天下安而大功成也。今庄周乃齐祸福而一死生,以大地为一物,以万类为一指,无乃徼惑以失真,而自以为诚者也?」
于是先生乃抚琴容与,慨然而叹,俯而微笑,仰而流眄,嘘翕精神,言其所见曰:「昔人有欲观于阆峰之上者,资端冕,服骅骝,至乎昆仑之下,没而不反。端冕者,常服之饰;骅骝者,凡乘之耳;非所以矫腾增城之上,游玄圃之中也。且烛龙之光,不照一堂之上;镗山之口,不谈曲室之内。今吾将堕崔巍之高,杜衍谩之流,言子之所由,几其寤而获及乎!
天地生于自然,万物生于天地。自然者无外,故天地名焉;天地者有内,故万物生焉。当其无外,谁谓异乎?当其有内,谁谓殊乎?地流(《艺文类聚》作「地沈」。)其燥,天抗其湿。月东出,日西入,随以相从,解而后合,升谓之阳,降谓之阴。在地谓之理,在天谓之文。蒸谓之雨,散谓之风;炎谓之火,凝谓之冰;形谓之石,象谓之星;朔谓之朝,晦谓之冥;通谓之川,回谓之渊;平谓之土,积谓之山。男女同位,山泽通气,雷风不相射,水火不相薄。天地合其德,日月顺其光,自然一体,则万物经其常。入谓之幽,出谓之章,一气盛衰,变化而不伤。是以重阴雷电,非异出也;天地日月,非殊物也。故曰:自其异者视之,则肝胆楚越也;自其同者视之,则万物一体也。人生天地之中,体自然之形。身者,阴阳之精气也;性者,五行之正性也;情者,游魂之变欲也;神者,天地之所以驭者也。以生言之,则物无不寿;推之以死,则物无不夭。自小视之,则万物莫不小;由大观之,则万物莫不大。殇子为寿,彭祖为夭;秋豪为大,泰山为小;故以死生为一贯,是非为一条也。
别而言之,则须眉异名;合而说之,则体之一毛也。彼六经之言,分处之教也;庄周之云,致意之辞也。大而临之,则至极无外;小而理之,则物有其制。夫守什五之数,审左右之名,一曲之说也;循自然住(一作「性」。)天地者,寥廓之谈也。凡耳目之名,分之施处,官不易司,举奉其身,非以绝手足、裂肢体也。然後世之好异者不顾其本,各言我而己矣,何待于彼?残生害性,还为雠敌,断割肢体,不以为痛;目视色然而不顾耳之所闻,耳所听而不待心之所思,心奔欲而不适性之所安,故疾《疒尔》萌则生不尽,祸乱作则万物残矣。夫至人者,恬于生而静于死。生恬则情不惑,死静则神不离,故能与阴阳化而不易,从天地变而不移。生究其寿,死循其宜,心气平治,不消不亏(《艺文类聚》作「消息不亏」。)是以广成子处崆峒之山以入无穷之门,轩辕登昆仑之阜而遗玄殊之根,此则潜身者易以为活,而离本者难与永存也。 冯夷不遇海若,则不以己为小;云将不失于其鸿蒙,则无以知其少。由斯言之,自是者不章,自建者不立,守其有者有据,持其无者无执。月弦则满,日朝则袭,咸池不留阳谷之上,而悬车之后将入也。故求得者丧,争明者失,无欲者自足,空虚者受实。夫山静而谷深者,自然之道也;得之道而正者,君子之实也。是以作智造巧者害于物,明是考非者危其身,修饰以显洁者惑于生,畏死而崇生者失(一作「乱」。)其贞。故自然之理不得作,天地不泰而日月争随,朝夕失期而昼夜无分,竞逐趋利,舛倚横驰,父子不合,君臣乖离。故复言以求信者,梁下之诚也;克己为人者,郭外之仁也;窃其雉经者。(此句误。)亡家之子也;刳腹割肌者,乱国之臣也;曜菁华、被沆瀣者,昏世之士也;履霜露、蒙尘埃者,贪冒之民也;洁己以尤世,修身以明污者,诽谤之属也;繁称是非,背质追文者,迷罔之伦也;诚(一作「成」。)非媚悦,以容求孚,故被珠玉以赴水火者,桀纣之终也;含菽采薇,交饿而死,颜夷之穷也。是以名利之涂开,则忠信之诚薄;是非之辞著,则醇厚之情烁也。 故至道之极,混一不分,同为一体,得失无闻。伏羲氏结绳,神农教耕,逆之者死,顺之者生。又安知贪污之为罚,而贞白之为名乎!使至德之要,无外而已。大均淳固,不贰其纪,清静寂寞,空豁以俟,善恶莫之分,是非无所争,故万物反其所而得其情也。儒墨之后,坚白并起,吉凶连物,得失在心,结徒聚党,辩说相侵。昔大齐之雄,三晋之士,尝相与瞑目张胆,分别此矣,咸以为百年之生难致,而日月之蹉无常,皆盛仆马,修衣裳,美珠玉,饰帷墙,出媚君上,入欺父兄,矫厉才智,竞逐纵横,家以慧子残,国以才臣亡,故不终其天年,而大自割繁其于世俗也。是以山中之木,本大而莫伤。复(或作「吹」。)万数窍(一作「物」。)相和,忽焉自已。夫雁之不存,无其质而浊其文,死生无变,而龟之见宝,知吉凶也。故至人清其质而浊其文,死生无变而未始有云。夫别言者,怀道之谈也;折辩者,毁德之端也;气分者,一身之疾也;二心者,万物之患也。故夫装束马轼者,行以离支(一作「交」。)虑在成败者,坐而求敌;逾阻攻险者,赵氏之人也;举山填海者,燕楚之人也。庄周见其若此,故述道德之妙,叙无为之本,寓言以广之,假物以延之,聊以娱无为之心而逍遥于一世;岂将以希咸阳之门而与稷下争辩也哉?
夫善接人者,导焉而已,无所逆之。故公孟季子衣绣而见,墨子弗攻;中山子牟心在魏阙,而詹子不距。因其所以来,用其所以至,循而泰之,使自居之;发而开之,使自舒之。且庄周之书何足道哉!犹未闻夫太始之论、玄古之微言乎?直能不害于物而形以生,物无所毁而神以清,形神在我而道德成,忠信不离而上下平。兹容今谈而同古,齐说而意殊,是心能守其本,而口发不相须也。
于是二三子者,风摇波荡,相视脉,乱次而退,唐跌失迹。随而望之耳(或作「其」。)后颇亦以是知其无实,丧气而惭愧于衰僻也。(本集,又略见《艺文类聚》三十七)
◇ 为郑冲劝晋王笺
冲等死罪。伏见嘉命显至,窃闻明公固让,冲等眷眷,实有愚心,以为圣王作制,百代同风,褒德赏功,有自来矣。昔伊尹,有莘氏之媵臣耳,一佐成汤,遂荷「阿衡」之号;周公藉已成之势,据既安之业,光宅曲阜,奄有龟蒙;吕尚,溪之渔者,一朝指麾,乃封营丘。自是以来,功薄而赏厚者不可胜数,然贤哲之士犹以为美谈。况自先相国以来,世有明德,翼辅魏室以绥天下,朝无阙政,民无谤言。前者明公西征灵州,北临沙漠,榆中以西,望风震服,羌戎东驰,回首内向;东诛叛逆,全军独克,禽阖闾之将,斩轻锐之卒以万万计,威加南海,名慑三越,宇内康宁,苛慝不作,是以殊俗畏威,东夷献舞。故圣上览乃昔以来礼典旧章,开国光宅,显兹太原。明公宜承圣旨,受兹介福,允当天人。元功盛勋光光如彼,国士嘉祚巍巍如此,内外协同,靡愆靡违。由斯征伐,则可朝服济江,埽除吴会;西塞江源,望祀岷山,回戈弭节以麾天下,远无不服,迩无不肃。今大魏之德光于唐虞,明公盛勋超于桓文。然後临沧州而谢支伯,登箕山而揖许由,岂不盛乎!至公至平,谁与为邻!何必勤勤小让也哉?冲等不通大体,敢以陈闻。(《文选》又见《晋书·文帝纪》) ◇ 诣蒋公奏记辞辟命
籍死罪死罪。伏惟明公以含一之德,据上台之位,群英翘首,俊贤抗足。开府之日,人人自以为掾属,辟书始下,而下走为首。昔子夏处西河之上而文侯拥彗,邹子居黍谷之阴而昭王陪乘。夫布衣韦带之士,孤居独立,王公大人所以屈体而下之者,为道存也。今籍无邹上之德而有其陋,猥烦大礼,何以当之?方将耕于东皋之阳,输黍稷之余税,以避当涂者之路。负薪疲病,足力不强,补吏之召,非所克堪。乞回谬恩,以光清举。(《文选》,《晋书·阮籍传》)
违由鄙钝,学行固野,进无和俗崇誉之高,退无静默恬冲之操猥见显饰,非所被荷。旧素瘵,守病委劣,拜谒之命,未敢堪任。昔荣期带索,仲尼不易其三乐;仲子守志,楚王不夺其灌园。贪荣塞贤,昧进负讥,忧望交集,五情相愧。明公侔踪鲁卫,勋隆桓文,广延俊杰,恢崇大业。乞降期会,以避清路,毕愿家巷,惟蒙于许。(此篇明刻阮集不载,见旧写本集。) ◇ 与晋文王书荐卢播
盖闻兴化济治,在于得人;收奇拔异,圣贤高致。是以八士归周,周道以隆;虞舜登庸,元凯咸事。伏惟明公公侯,皇灵诞秀,九德光被,应期作辅,论道敷化,开辟四门,延纳羽翼贤士,以赞雍熙。是以英俊之士愿排皇闼,策名委质,真荐之徒,辐辏大府;诚以邓林、昆吾、翔凤所栖;悬黎和肆,垂棘所集。伏见鄙州驾同郡卢播,年三十二,字景宣,少有才秀之异,长怀淑茂之量。眈道悦礼,仗义依仁。研精坟典,长堂睹奥。聪鉴物理,口通玄妙。贞固足以干事,忠敬足以肃朝,明断足以质疑,机密足以应权,临烦不惑,在急弥明。若得佐时理物,则政事之器;衔命聘享,则专对之才。潜心图籍,文学之宗。敷藻载述,良史之表。然而学不为人,行不求达,故久沈沦,未阶太清。诚后门之秀伟,当时之利器,宜蒙旌命,和味鼎铉。孔子曰:「如有所誉,必有所试。」播之所能,著在已效。不敢虚饰,取谤大府。(本集,《艺文类聚》五十三)
◇ 答伏义书
藉白:承音览旨,有心翰迹。夫九苍之高,迅羽不能寻其巅;四溟之深,幽鳞不能测其底;矧无毛分所能论哉!且玄云无定体,应龙不常仪;或朝济夕卷,翕忽代兴;或泥潜天飞,晨降宵升,舒体则八维不足以畅迹,促节则无间足以从容;是又瞽夫所不能瞻,琐虫所不能解也。然则弘修渊邈者,非近力所能究矣;灵变神化者,非局器所能察矣。何吾子之区区而吾真之务求乎!人力势不能齐,好尚舛异。鸾凤凌云汉以舞翼,鸠宛鸟悦蓬林以翱翔;螭浮八滨以濯鳞,鳖娱行潦而群逝;斯用情各从其好,以取乐焉。据此非彼,胡可齐乎?夫人之立节也。将舒网以笼世,岂樽樽以入罔?方开模以范俗,何暇毁质以通(或作「适」)检?若良运未协,神机无准,则腾精抗志,邈世高超,荡精举于玄区之表,摅妙节于九垓之外。而翱翔之乘景跃甚踔陵忽慌,从容与道化同,逍遥与日月并流,交名虚以齐变,及英以等化。上乎无上,下乎无下,居乎无室,出乎无门。齐万物之去留,随六气之虚盈。总玄网于太极,抚天一于寥廓。飘埃不能扬其波,飞尘不能垢其洁。徒寄形躯于斯域,何精神之可察?虽业无不闻,略无不称,而明有所逮,未可怪也。观君子之趋:欲倾城之金,求百钱之售;制造天之礼,拟肤寸之检;劳王躬以役物,守臊秽以自毕;沈牛迹之薄,愠河汉之无根;其陋可愧,其事可悲。亮规略之悬逾,信大道之弘幽。且局步于常衢,无为思远以自愁。比连疹愦,力喻不多。阮籍白。
◇ 老子赞 阴阳不测,变化无伦。飘遥太素,归虚反真。(《御览》一)
◇ 通易论
阮子曰:《易》者何也?乃昔之玄真,往古之变经也。庖牺氏当天地一终,值人物憔悴,利用不存,法制夷昧,神明之德不通,万物之情不类,于是始作八卦。引而伸之,触类而长之,分阴阳,序刚柔,积山泽,连水火,杂而一之,变而通之,终于未济。六十四卦尽而不穷,是以天地象而万物形,吉凶著而悔吝生,事用有取,变化有成。南面听断,向明而治,结绳而为网罟,致日中之货,修耒沥耜之利以教,天下皆得其所。
黄帝、尧、舜应时当务,各有攸取,穷神知化,述则天序。庖牺氏布演六十四卦之变;后世圣人观而因之,象而用之。禹汤之经皆在而上古之文不存,至乎文王,故系其辞,于是归藏氏逝而周典经兴,上下无常,刚柔相易,不可为典要,惟变所适,故谓之易。
《易》之为书也,本天地,因阴阳,推盛衰,出自幽微以致明著。故乾元初「潜龙勿用」,言大人之德隐而未彰,潜而未达,待时而兴,循变而发。天地既没,屯蒙始生,需以待时,讼以立义,师以聚众,比以安民,是以「先王以建万国,亲诸侯」,收其心也。原而积之,畜而制之,是以上下和洽,「裁成天地之道,辅相天地之宜以左右民」,顺其理也。先王既没,德法乖易,上陵下替,君臣不制,刚柔不和,天地不交,是以君子一类求同,遏恶扬善,以致其大。谦而光之,褒多益寡,崇圣善以命,雷出于地,于是大人得立,明圣又兴,故先王作乐荐上帝,昭明其道以答天贶。于是万物服从,随而事之,子遵其父,臣承其君,临驭统一,大观天下,是以先王以省方观民、设教,仪之以度也。包而有之,合而含之,故先王用之以明罚敕法。自上乃下,贵复其贱,美成亨尽,时极日致,先王闭关,商旅不行,后不省方,以静民也。季叶既衰,非谋之获,应运顺天,不妄而(一作「其」。)作,故先王茂对时育万物,施仁布泽以树其德也。万物归随,如法流承,养善反恶,利积生害,刚过失柄,习坎以位,上失其道,下丧其群,于是大人继明,照于四方,显其德也。自乾元以来,施平而明,盛衰有时,刚柔无常,或得或失,一阴一阳,出入吉凶,由暗察彰;文明以止,有翼不飞,随之乃存,取之者归,施之以若,用之在微,贵变慎小,与物相追。非知来藏往者,莫之能审也。
《易》之为书也,覆焘天地之道,囊括万物之情,道至而反,事极而改。「反」用应时,「改」用当务。应时,故天下仰其泽;当务,故万物恃其利。泽施而天下服,此天下之所以顺自然,惠生类也。富贵侔天地,功名充六合,莫之能倾,莫之能害者,道不逆也。天地,易之主也。万物,易之心也;故虚以受之,感以和之。男下女上,通其气也;柔以承刚,久其类也;顺而持之,遁而退之。上隆下积,刚动大壮。正大必用,力盛则望;明升惟进,光大则伤;聚以处身,异以成类。乖离既解,缓以为失。损益有时,察以主使。扬于王庭,乘五马败。刚既决柔,上索下合。令臣遭明君,以柔遇刚,品物咸亨。刚据中正,天下大行,是以后用施命诰四国,贵离教也。于是天地萃聚,百姓合用。(一作同。)升而不已,届极及下,井养不穷,卑不能通,不可弗革。改以成器,尊卑有分,长幼有序。主之以震,守之以威。动不可终,敌应而行。渐以进之,为人求位,君子之欲进者也。臣之求君,阴之从阳,委之归诚,乃得其所。归而应之,专而一之,阳德受归,道丰位大也。贤人君子,有众以成其大也。穷侈丧大夫之位,群而靡容,容而无所。卑身下意,利见大人。巽以申命,柔顺乎刚。入而说之,说而教之,顺而应人。涣然成章,风行水上,有文有光,男行不穷,女位乎外,众阴承五,上同在中,从初更始,乘木有功,故先王以享于帝,立庙,奉天建国也。刚柔分适得中,节之以制,其道不穷。信爱结内,刚得中位,诚发于心,庶物唯类,大得则亏,甚往则过,既应于远,默则不利,故君子是以行重乎恭,丧重乎哀,笃伪薄也。小过下泰,不宜于上,下止上动,有飞鸟之象焉。初六坎下,上六离体,飞鸟以凶,是以灾眚也。柔处中,刚失位,利与时行,过而欲遂,小亨正象,阴皆乘阳,阳刚凌替,君臣易位,乱而不已,非中之谓,故君子思患而豫防之,虑其败也。通变无穷,周败又始,刚未出,阴在中,柔济不遗,遂度不穷,则象河、洛,神物设教而天下服。慎辨居方,阴阳相求,初与之道,远作之由也。
卦体开阖,乾以一为开,坤以二为阖。乾坤成体而刚柔有位,故木老于未,水生于申,而坤在西南;火老于戌,木生于亥,而乾在西北;刚柔之际也。故谓之父母。阳承震动,发而相承,专制遂行,万物以兴,故谓之长男;水老于辰,金生于巳,一气存之,终而复起,故巽为长女;震发于风,阴德有纪,火中贝鸣,母道将始,故离为中女;又在西北,健战将升,季阴幼昧,衰而不胜,故兑为少女。仓中拔留,肇幽为阳,在中未达,含而未章,故坎为中男;周流接合,万物既终,造微更始,明而未融,故艮为少男。乾圆坤方,女柔男刚,健柔时推,而福祸是将,循化知生,从变见亡;故吉凶成败,不可乱也。
大过何也?栋桡莫辅,大者过也。先王之驭世也。刑设而不犯,罚著而不施,习坎刚中,惟以心亨,王正其德,公守厥职,上下不疑,臣主无惑。纳约自牖,非户何咎?车骑中门,剑戟在闼,虽丛棘,凶已三岁,上六失道,刑决也。故高宗伐鬼方,柔道中也;三年有赏,德乃丰也。同人五(一作「先」。)号,思其终也;旅上之美,乐其穷也。是以失刑者严而不检,丧德者高而不尊,故君子正义以守位,固法以威民,何衢则亨,灭耳而凶也。小过何也?逾位凌上,害正危身,小者过也。既济初六终乱何也?水加日上,三阴乘阳,以力求济,不止必亡,故初吉终乱也。未济上六,饮酒无咎,何也?过而莫改,危而弗间,谁咎之也?无妄何也?无望而至,非会合阴阳之违行也。六三,无妄之灾,或系之牛,行人得之,邑人灾,何也?有国而不收其民,有众而不修其器,行人得之,不亦灾乎?九五之疾勿药,何也?非常之厚,离以为同,无妄之疾,灾以除凶,天时成败,何疾之功?勿药有喜,不成何识(一作「试」)也。
龙者何也?阳健之类,盛德尊贵之喻也。配天之厚,盛德莫高之谓尊贵。大人受命,处中当阳,德之至也。亢龙有悔,何也?继守承贵,有因而德不充者也。欲大而不顾其小,甘侈而不思其匮,居正上位而无卑,有贵劳而无据,丧志危身,是以悔也。先王何也?大人之功也。故建万国,亲诸侯,树其义也。作乐荐上帝,正其命也;省方观民,施其令也;明罚敕法,督其政也;闭关不行,静乱民也;茂时育德,应显其福也;享帝立庙,昭其禄也。称圣王所造,非承平之谓也。后者何也?成君定位,据业修制,保教守法,畜履治安者也。故自然成功济用,已至大通,后成天地之道以左右民也。成化理决,施令诰方,因统绍衰,中处将正之务,非应初受命之事也。上者何也?日月相易,盛衰相及,致饰则利之未捷受,故王后不称,君子不错,上以厚下,道自然也。君子者何也?佐圣扶命,翼教明法,观时而行,有道而臣人者也。因正德以理其义,察危废以守其身。故经纶以正盈,果行以遂义,饮食以须时,辩义以作事,皆所以章先王之建国,辅圣人之神志也。见险虑难,思患豫防,别物居方,慎初敬始,皆人臣之行,非大君之道也。大人者何也?龙德潜达,贵贱通明,有位无称,大以行之,故大过灭示天下幽明,大人发辉重光,继明照于四方,万物仰生,合德天地,不为而成,故大人虎变,天德兴也。 君子曰:《易》,顺天地,序万物,方圆有正体,四时有常位,事业有所丽,鸟兽有所萃,故万物莫不一也。阴阳性生,性故有刚柔,刚柔情生,情故有爱恶。爱恶生得失,得失生悔吝,悔吝著而吉凶见。八卦居方以正性,著龟圆通以索情。情性交而利害出,故立仁义以定性,取著龟以制情。仁义有偶而祸福分,是故圣人以建天下之位,守尊卑之制,序阴阳之适,别刚柔之节。顺之者存,逆之者亡,得之者身安,失之者身危,故犯之以别(一作「利」。)求者,虽吉必凶;知之以守笃者,虽穷必通。故寂寞者德之主,恣睢者贼之原,进往者反之初,终尽者始之根也。是以未至不可坼也。已用不可越也。纣有天下之号,而比匹夫之类邻;周处小侯之细,而享于西山之宾。外内之应已施,而贵贱之名未分,何也?天道未究,善恶未淳也。是以明夫天之道者不欲,审乎人之德者不忧。在上而不凌乎下,处卑而不犯乎贵,故道不可逆,德不可拂也。是以圣人独立无闷,大群不益,释之而道存,用之而不可既。
由此观之,《易》以通矣。
◇ 通老论
圣人明于天人之理,达于自然之分,通于治化之体,审于大慎之训,故君臣垂拱,完太素之朴;百姓熙怡,保性命之和。(《御览》一) 道者,法自然而为化,侯王能守之,万物将自化。《易》谓之「太极」,《春秋》谓之「元」,《老子》谓之「道」。(《御览》一)
三皇依道,五帝仗德,三王施仁,五霸行义,强国任智。盖优劣之异,薄厚之降也。(《御览》七十七)
◇ 达庄论
伊单阏之辰,执徐之岁,万物权舆之时,季秋遥夜之月,先生徘徊翱翔,迎风而游,往遵乎赤水之上,来登乎隐坌之丘,临乎曲辕之道,顾乎泱漭之州,恍然而止,忽然而休,不识曩之所以行,今之所以留,怅然而无乐,愀然而归白素焉。平昼闲居,隐几而弹琴。于是缙绅好事之徒相与闻之,共议撰辞合句,启所常疑。乃窥鉴整饰,嚼齿先引,推年蹑踵,相随俱进。奕奕然步,月商月商然视,投迹蹈阶,趋而翔至。差肩而坐,恭袖而检,犹豫相林。(一作熙。)莫肯先占。
有一人,是其中雄桀也。乃怒目击势而大言曰:「吾生乎唐虞之后,长乎文武之裔,游乎成康之隆,盛乎今者之世,诵乎六经之教,习乎吾儒之迹,被沙衣、冠飞翮、垂曲裙、扬双有日矣;而未闻乎至道之要,有以异之于斯乎!且大人称之,细人承之;愿闻至教,以发其疑。」先生曰:「何哉,子之所疑者?」客曰:「天道贵生,(《艺文类聚》三十七作「贵顺」。)地道贵贞,圣人修之,以建其名,吉凶有分,是非有经,务利高势,恶死重生,故天下安而大功成也。今庄周乃齐祸福而一死生,以大地为一物,以万类为一指,无乃徼惑以失真,而自以为诚者也?」
于是先生乃抚琴容与,慨然而叹,俯而微笑,仰而流眄,嘘翕精神,言其所见曰:「昔人有欲观于阆峰之上者,资端冕,服骅骝,至乎昆仑之下,没而不反。端冕者,常服之饰;骅骝者,凡乘之耳;非所以矫腾增城之上,游玄圃之中也。且烛龙之光,不照一堂之上;镗山之口,不谈曲室之内。今吾将堕崔巍之高,杜衍谩之流,言子之所由,几其寤而获及乎!
天地生于自然,万物生于天地。自然者无外,故天地名焉;天地者有内,故万物生焉。当其无外,谁谓异乎?当其有内,谁谓殊乎?地流(《艺文类聚》作「地沈」。)其燥,天抗其湿。月东出,日西入,随以相从,解而后合,升谓之阳,降谓之阴。在地谓之理,在天谓之文。蒸谓之雨,散谓之风;炎谓之火,凝谓之冰;形谓之石,象谓之星;朔谓之朝,晦谓之冥;通谓之川,回谓之渊;平谓之土,积谓之山。男女同位,山泽通气,雷风不相射,水火不相薄。天地合其德,日月顺其光,自然一体,则万物经其常。入谓之幽,出谓之章,一气盛衰,变化而不伤。是以重阴雷电,非异出也;天地日月,非殊物也。故曰:自其异者视之,则肝胆楚越也;自其同者视之,则万物一体也。人生天地之中,体自然之形。身者,阴阳之精气也;性者,五行之正性也;情者,游魂之变欲也;神者,天地之所以驭者也。以生言之,则物无不寿;推之以死,则物无不夭。自小视之,则万物莫不小;由大观之,则万物莫不大。殇子为寿,彭祖为夭;秋豪为大,泰山为小;故以死生为一贯,是非为一条也。
别而言之,则须眉异名;合而说之,则体之一毛也。彼六经之言,分处之教也;庄周之云,致意之辞也。大而临之,则至极无外;小而理之,则物有其制。夫守什五之数,审左右之名,一曲之说也;循自然住(一作「性」。)天地者,寥廓之谈也。凡耳目之名,分之施处,官不易司,举奉其身,非以绝手足、裂肢体也。然後世之好异者不顾其本,各言我而己矣,何待于彼?残生害性,还为雠敌,断割肢体,不以为痛;目视色然而不顾耳之所闻,耳所听而不待心之所思,心奔欲而不适性之所安,故疾《疒尔》萌则生不尽,祸乱作则万物残矣。夫至人者,恬于生而静于死。生恬则情不惑,死静则神不离,故能与阴阳化而不易,从天地变而不移。生究其寿,死循其宜,心气平治,不消不亏(《艺文类聚》作「消息不亏」。)是以广成子处崆峒之山以入无穷之门,轩辕登昆仑之阜而遗玄殊之根,此则潜身者易以为活,而离本者难与永存也。 冯夷不遇海若,则不以己为小;云将不失于其鸿蒙,则无以知其少。由斯言之,自是者不章,自建者不立,守其有者有据,持其无者无执。月弦则满,日朝则袭,咸池不留阳谷之上,而悬车之后将入也。故求得者丧,争明者失,无欲者自足,空虚者受实。夫山静而谷深者,自然之道也;得之道而正者,君子之实也。是以作智造巧者害于物,明是考非者危其身,修饰以显洁者惑于生,畏死而崇生者失(一作「乱」。)其贞。故自然之理不得作,天地不泰而日月争随,朝夕失期而昼夜无分,竞逐趋利,舛倚横驰,父子不合,君臣乖离。故复言以求信者,梁下之诚也;克己为人者,郭外之仁也;窃其雉经者。(此句误。)亡家之子也;刳腹割肌者,乱国之臣也;曜菁华、被沆瀣者,昏世之士也;履霜露、蒙尘埃者,贪冒之民也;洁己以尤世,修身以明污者,诽谤之属也;繁称是非,背质追文者,迷罔之伦也;诚(一作「成」。)非媚悦,以容求孚,故被珠玉以赴水火者,桀纣之终也;含菽采薇,交饿而死,颜夷之穷也。是以名利之涂开,则忠信之诚薄;是非之辞著,则醇厚之情烁也。 故至道之极,混一不分,同为一体,得失无闻。伏羲氏结绳,神农教耕,逆之者死,顺之者生。又安知贪污之为罚,而贞白之为名乎!使至德之要,无外而已。大均淳固,不贰其纪,清静寂寞,空豁以俟,善恶莫之分,是非无所争,故万物反其所而得其情也。儒墨之后,坚白并起,吉凶连物,得失在心,结徒聚党,辩说相侵。昔大齐之雄,三晋之士,尝相与瞑目张胆,分别此矣,咸以为百年之生难致,而日月之蹉无常,皆盛仆马,修衣裳,美珠玉,饰帷墙,出媚君上,入欺父兄,矫厉才智,竞逐纵横,家以慧子残,国以才臣亡,故不终其天年,而大自割繁其于世俗也。是以山中之木,本大而莫伤。复(或作「吹」。)万数窍(一作「物」。)相和,忽焉自已。夫雁之不存,无其质而浊其文,死生无变,而龟之见宝,知吉凶也。故至人清其质而浊其文,死生无变而未始有云。夫别言者,怀道之谈也;折辩者,毁德之端也;气分者,一身之疾也;二心者,万物之患也。故夫装束马轼者,行以离支(一作「交」。)虑在成败者,坐而求敌;逾阻攻险者,赵氏之人也;举山填海者,燕楚之人也。庄周见其若此,故述道德之妙,叙无为之本,寓言以广之,假物以延之,聊以娱无为之心而逍遥于一世;岂将以希咸阳之门而与稷下争辩也哉?
夫善接人者,导焉而已,无所逆之。故公孟季子衣绣而见,墨子弗攻;中山子牟心在魏阙,而詹子不距。因其所以来,用其所以至,循而泰之,使自居之;发而开之,使自舒之。且庄周之书何足道哉!犹未闻夫太始之论、玄古之微言乎?直能不害于物而形以生,物无所毁而神以清,形神在我而道德成,忠信不离而上下平。兹容今谈而同古,齐说而意殊,是心能守其本,而口发不相须也。
于是二三子者,风摇波荡,相视脉,乱次而退,唐跌失迹。随而望之耳(或作「其」。)后颇亦以是知其无实,丧气而惭愧于衰僻也。(本集,又略见《艺文类聚》三十七)
拼音版对照
◎ ruan ji( er)
◇ wei zheng chong quan jin wang jian
chong deng si zui。 fu jian jia ming xian zhi, qie wen ming gong gu rang, chong deng juan juan, shi you yu xin, yi wei sheng wang zuo zhi, bai dai tong feng, bao de shang gong, you zi lai yi。 xi yi yin, you shen shi zhi ying chen er, yi zuo cheng tang, sui he「 e heng」 zhi hao; zhou gong ji yi cheng zhi shi, ju ji an zhi ye, guang zhai qu fu, yan you gui meng; lv shang,? xi zhi yu zhe, yi chao zhi hui, nai feng ying qiu。 zi shi yi lai, gong bo er shang hou zhe bu ke sheng shu, ran xian zhe zhi shi you yi wei mei tan。 kuang zi xian xiang guo yi lai, shi you ming de, yi fu wei shi yi sui tian xia, chao wu que zheng, min wu bang yan。 qian zhe ming gong xi zheng ling zhou, bei lin sha mo, yu zhong yi xi, wang feng zhen fu, qiang rong dong chi, hui shou nei xiang; dong zhu pan ni, quan jun du ke, qin he lv zhi jiang, zhan qing rui zhi zu yi wan wan ji, wei jia nan hai, ming she san yue, yu nei kang ning, ke te bu zuo, shi yi shu su wei wei, dong yi xian wu。 gu sheng shang lan nai xi yi lai li dian jiu zhang, kai guo guang zhai, xian zi tai yuan。 ming gong yi cheng sheng zhi, shou zi jie fu, yun dang tian ren。 yuan gong sheng xun guang guang ru bi, guo shi jia zuo wei wei ru ci, nei wai xie tong, mi qian mi wei。 you si zheng fa, ze ke chao fu ji jiang, sao chu wu hui; xi sai jiang yuan, wang si min shan, hui ge mi jie yi hui tian xia, yuan wu bu fu, er wu bu su。 jin da wei zhi de guang yu tang yu, ming gong sheng xun chao yu huan wen。 ran hou lin cang zhou er xie zhi bo, deng ji shan er yi xu you, qi bu sheng hu! zhi gong zhi ping, shui yu wei lin! he bi qin qin xiao rang ye zai? chong deng bu tong da ti, gan yi chen wen。(《 wen xuan》 you jian《 jin shu· wen di ji》) ◇ yi jiang gong zou ji ci pi ming
ji si zui si zui。 fu wei ming gong yi han yi zhi de, ju shang tai zhi wei, qun ying qiao shou, jun xian kang zu。 kai fu zhi ri, ren ren zi yi wei yuan shu, pi shu shi xia, er xia zou wei shou。 xi zi xia chu xi he zhi shang er wen hou yong hui, zou zi ju shu gu zhi yin er zhao wang pei cheng。 fu bu yi wei dai zhi shi, gu ju du li, wang gong da ren suo yi qu ti er xia zhi zhe, wei dao cun ye。 jin ji wu zou shang zhi de er you qi lou, wei fan da li, he yi dang zhi? fang jiang geng yu dong gao zhi yang, shu shu ji zhi yu shui, yi bi dang tu zhe zhi lu。 fu xin pi bing, zu li bu qiang, bu li zhi zhao, fei suo ke kan。 qi hui miu en, yi guang qing ju。(《 wen xuan》,《 jin shu· ruan ji chuan》)
wei you bi dun, xue xing gu ye, jin wu he su chong yu zhi gao, tui wu jing mo tian chong zhi cao wei jian xian shi, fei suo bei he。 jiu su? zhai, shou bing wei lie, bai ye zhi ming, wei gan kan ren。 xi rong qi dai suo, zhong ni bu yi qi san le; zhong zi shou zhi, chu wang bu duo qi guan yuan。 tan rong sai xian, mei jin fu ji, you wang jiao ji, wu qing xiang kui。 ming gong mou zong lu wei, xun long huan wen, guang yan jun jie, hui chong da ye。 qi jiang qi hui, yi bi qing lu, bi yuan jia xiang, wei meng yu xu。( ci pian ming ke ruan ji bu zai, jian jiu xie ben ji。) ◇ yu jin wen wang shu jian lu bo
gai wen xing hua ji zhi, zai yu de ren; shou qi ba yi, sheng xian gao zhi。 shi yi ba shi gui zhou, zhou dao yi long; yu shun deng yong, yuan kai xian shi。 fu wei ming gong gong hou, huang ling dan xiu, jiu de guang bei, ying qi zuo fu, lun dao fu hua, kai pi si men, yan na yu yi xian shi, yi zan yong xi。 shi yi ying jun zhi shi yuan pai huang ta, ce ming wei zhi, zhen jian zhi tu, fu cou da fu; cheng yi deng lin、 kun wu、 xiang feng suo qi; xuan li he si, chui ji suo ji。 fu jian bi zhou jia tong jun lu bo, nian san shi er, zi jing xuan, shao you cai xiu zhi yi, chang huai shu mao zhi liang。 dan dao yue li, zhang yi yi ren。 yan jing fen dian, chang tang du ao。 cong jian wu li, kou tong xuan miao。 zhen gu zu yi gan shi, zhong jing zu yi su chao, ming duan zu yi zhi yi, ji mi zu yi ying quan, lin fan bu huo, zai ji mi ming。 ruo de zuo shi li wu, ze zheng shi zhi qi; xian ming pin xiang, ze zhuan dui zhi cai。 qian xin tu ji, wen xue zhi zong。 fu zao zai shu, liang shi zhi biao。 ran er xue bu wei ren, xing bu qiu da, gu jiu shen lun, wei jie tai qing。 cheng hou men zhi xiu wei, dang shi zhi li qi, yi meng jing ming, he wei ding xuan。 kong zi yue:「 ru you suo yu, bi you suo shi。」 bo zhi suo neng, zhu zai yi xiao。 bu gan xu shi, qu bang da fu。( ben ji,《 yi wen lei ju》 wu shi san)
◇ da fu yi shu
ji bai: cheng yin lan zhi, you xin han ji。 fu jiu cang zhi gao, xun yu bu neng xun qi dian; si ming zhi shen, you lin bu neng ce qi di; shen wu mao fen suo neng lun zai! qie xuan yun wu ding ti, ying long bu chang yi; huo chao ji xi juan, xi hu dai xing; huo ni qian tian fei, chen jiang xiao sheng, shu ti ze ba wei bu zu yi chang ji, cu jie ze wu jian zu yi cong rong; shi you gu fu suo bu neng zhan, suo chong suo bu neng jie ye。 ran ze hong xiu yuan miao zhe, fei jin li suo neng jiu yi; ling bian shen hua zhe, fei ju qi suo neng cha yi。 he wu zi zhi qu qu er wu zhen zhi wu qiu hu! ren li shi bu neng qi, hao shang chuan yi。 luan feng ling yun han yi wu yi, jiu wan niao yue peng lin yi ao xiang; chi fu ba bin yi zhuo lin, bie yu xing liao er qun shi; si yong qing ge cong qi hao, yi qu le yan。 ju ci fei bi, hu ke qi hu? fu ren zhi li jie ye。 jiang shu wang yi long shi, qi zun zun yi ru wang? fang kai mo yi fan su, he xia hui zhi yi tong( huo zuo「 shi」) jian? ruo liang yun wei xie, shen ji wu zhun, ze teng jing kang zhi, miao shi gao chao, dang jing ju yu xuan qu zhi biao, shu miao jie yu jiu gai zhi wai。 er ao xiang zhi cheng jing yue? shen chuo ling hu huang, cong rong yu dao hua tong?, xiao yao yu ri yue bing liu, jiao ming xu yi qi bian, ji ying? yi deng hua。 shang hu wu shang, xia hu wu xia, ju hu wu shi, chu hu wu men。 qi wan wu zhi qu liu, sui liu qi zhi xu ying。 zong xuan wang yu tai ji, fu tian yi yu liao kuo。 piao ai bu neng yang qi bo, fei chen bu neng gou qi jie。 tu ji xing qu yu si yu, he jing shen zhi ke cha? sui ye wu bu wen, lve wu bu cheng, er ming you suo dai, wei ke guai ye。 guan jun zi zhi qu: yu? qing cheng zhi jin, qiu bai qian zhi shou; zhi zao tian zhi li, ni fu cun zhi jian; lao wang gong yi yi wu, shou sao hui yi zi bi; shen niu ji zhi? bo, yun he han zhi wu gen; qi lou ke kui, qi shi ke bei。 liang gui lve zhi xuan yu, xin da dao zhi hong you。 qie ju bu yu chang qu, wu wei si yuan yi zi chou。 bi lian zhen kui, li yu bu duo。 ruan ji bai。
◇ lao zi zan yin yang bu ce, bian hua wu lun。 piao yao tai su, gui xu fan zhen。(《 yu lan》 yi)
◇ tong yi lun
ruan zi yue:《 yi》 zhe he ye? nai xi zhi xuan zhen, wang gu zhi bian jing ye。 pao xi shi dang tian di yi zhong, zhi ren wu qiao cui, li yong bu cun, fa zhi yi mei, shen ming zhi de bu tong, wan wu zhi qing bu lei, yu shi shi zuo ba gua。 yin er shen zhi, chu lei er chang zhi, fen yin yang, xu gang rou, ji shan ze, lian shui huo, za er yi zhi, bian er tong zhi, zhong yu wei ji。 liu shi si gua jin er bu qiong, shi yi tian di xiang er wan wu xing, ji xiong zhu er hui lin sheng, shi yong you qu, bian hua you cheng。 nan mian ting duan, xiang ming er zhi, jie sheng er wei wang gu, zhi ri zhong zhi huo, xiu lei li si zhi li yi jiao, tian xia jie de qi suo。
huang di、 yao、 shun ying shi dang wu, ge you you qu, qiong shen zhi hua, shu ze tian xu。 pao xi shi bu yan liu shi si gua zhi bian; hou shi sheng ren guan er yin zhi, xiang er yong zhi。 yu tang zhi jing jie zai er shang gu zhi wen bu cun, zhi hu wen wang, gu xi qi ci, yu shi gui zang shi shi er zhou dian jing xing, shang xia wu chang, gang rou xiang yi, bu ke wei dian yao, wei bian suo shi, gu wei zhi yi。
《 yi》 zhi wei shu ye, ben tian di, yin yin yang, tui sheng shuai, chu zi you wei yi zhi ming zhu。 gu qian yuan chu「 qian long wu yong」, yan da ren zhi de yin er wei zhang, qian er wei da, dai shi er xing, xun bian er fa。 tian di ji mei, tun meng shi sheng, xu yi dai shi, song yi li yi, shi yi ju zhong, bi yi an min, shi yi「 xian wang yi jian wan guo, qin zhu hou」, shou qi xin ye。 yuan er ji zhi, chu er zhi zhi, shi yi shang xia he qia,「 cai cheng tian di zhi dao, fu xiang tian di zhi yi yi zuo you min」, shun qi li ye。 xian wang ji mei, de fa guai yi, shang ling xia ti, jun chen bu zhi, gang rou bu he, tian di bu jiao, shi yi jun zi yi lei qiu tong, e e yang shan, yi zhi qi da。 qian er guang zhi, bao duo yi gua, chong sheng shan yi ming, lei chu yu di, yu shi da ren de li, ming sheng you xing, gu xian wang zuo le jian shang di, zhao ming qi dao yi da tian kuang。 yu shi wan wu fu cong, sui er shi zhi, zi zun qi fu, chen cheng qi jun, lin yu tong yi, da guan tian xia, shi yi xian wang yi sheng fang guan min、 she jiao, yi zhi yi du ye。 bao er you zhi, he er han zhi, gu xian wang yong zhi yi ming fa chi fa。 zi shang nai xia, gui fu qi jian, mei cheng heng jin, shi ji ri zhi, xian wang bi guan, shang lv bu xing, hou bu sheng fang, yi jing min ye。 ji ye ji shuai, fei mou zhi huo, ying yun shun tian, bu wang er( yi zuo「 qi」。) zuo, gu xian wang mao dui shi yu wan wu, shi ren bu ze yi shu qi de ye。 wan wu gui sui, ru fa liu cheng, yang shan fan e, li ji sheng hai, gang guo shi bing, xi kan yi wei, shang shi qi dao, xia sang qi qun, yu shi da ren ji ming, zhao yu si fang, xian qi de ye。 zi qian yuan yi lai, shi ping er ming, sheng shuai you shi, gang rou wu chang, huo de huo shi, yi yin yi yang, chu ru ji xiong, you an cha zhang; wen ming yi zhi, you yi bu fei, sui zhi nai cun, qu zhi zhe gui, shi zhi yi ruo, yong zhi zai wei, gui bian shen xiao, yu wu xiang zhui。 fei zhi lai zang wang zhe, mo zhi neng shen ye。
《 yi》 zhi wei shu ye, fu dao tian di zhi dao, nang kuo wan wu zhi qing, dao zhi er fan, shi ji er gai。「 fan」 yong ying shi,「 gai」 yong dang wu。 ying shi, gu tian xia yang qi ze; dang wu, gu wan wu shi qi li。 ze shi er tian xia fu, ci tian xia zhi suo yi shun zi ran, hui sheng lei ye。 fu gui mou tian di, gong ming chong liu he, mo zhi neng qing, mo zhi neng hai zhe, dao bu ni ye。 tian di, yi zhi zhu ye。 wan wu, yi zhi xin ye; gu xu yi shou zhi, gan yi he zhi。 nan xia nv shang, tong qi qi ye; rou yi cheng gang, jiu qi lei ye; shun er chi zhi, dun er tui zhi。 shang long xia ji, gang dong da zhuang。 zheng da bi yong, li sheng ze wang; ming sheng wei jin, guang da ze shang; ju yi chu shen, yi yi cheng lei。 guai li ji jie, huan yi wei shi。 sun yi you shi, cha yi zhu shi。 yang yu wang ting, cheng wu ma bai。 gang ji jue rou, shang suo xia he。 ling chen zao ming jun, yi rou yu gang, pin wu xian heng。 gang ju zhong zheng, tian xia da xing, shi yi hou yong shi ming gao si guo, gui li jiao ye。 yu shi tian di cui ju, bai xing he yong。( yi zuo tong。) sheng er bu yi, jie ji ji xia, jing yang bu qiong, bei bu neng tong, bu ke fu ge。 gai yi cheng qi, zun bei you fen, chang you you xu。 zhu zhi yi zhen, shou zhi yi wei。 dong bu ke zhong, di ying er xing。 jian yi jin zhi, wei ren qiu wei, jun zi zhi yu jin zhe ye。 chen zhi qiu jun, yin zhi cong yang, wei zhi gui cheng, nai de qi suo。 gui er ying zhi, zhuan er yi zhi, yang de shou gui, dao feng wei da ye。 xian ren jun zi, you zhong yi cheng qi da ye。 qiong chi sang da fu zhi wei, qun er mi rong, rong er wu suo。 bei shen xia yi, li jian da ren。 xun yi shen ming, rou shun hu gang。 ru er shuo zhi, shuo er jiao zhi, shun er ying ren。 huan ran cheng zhang, feng xing shui shang, you wen you guang, nan xing bu qiong, nv wei hu wai, zhong yin cheng wu, shang tong zai zhong, cong chu geng shi, cheng mu you gong, gu xian wang yi xiang yu di, li miao, feng tian jian guo ye。 gang rou fen shi de zhong, jie zhi yi zhi, qi dao bu qiong。 xin ai jie nei, gang de zhong wei, cheng fa yu xin, shu wu wei lei, da de ze kui, shen wang ze guo, ji ying yu yuan, mo ze bu li, gu jun zi shi yi xing zhong hu gong, sang zhong hu ai, du wei bo ye。 xiao guo xia tai, bu yi yu shang, xia zhi shang dong, you fei niao zhi xiang yan。 chu liu kan xia, shang liu li ti, fei niao yi xiong, shi yi zai sheng ye。 rou chu zhong, gang shi wei, li yu shi xing, guo er yu sui, xiao heng zheng xiang, yin jie cheng yang, yang gang ling ti, jun chen yi wei, luan er bu yi, fei zhong zhi wei, gu jun zi si huan er yu fang zhi, lv qi bai ye。 tong bian wu qiong, zhou bai you shi, gang wei chu, yin zai zhong, rou ji bu yi, sui du bu qiong, ze xiang he、 luo, shen wu she jiao er tian xia fu。 shen bian ju fang, yin yang xiang qiu, chu yu zhi dao, yuan zuo zhi you ye。
gua ti kai he, qian yi yi wei kai, kun yi er wei he。 qian kun cheng ti er gang rou you wei, gu mu lao yu wei, shui sheng yu shen, er kun zai xi nan; huo lao yu xu, mu sheng yu hai, er qian zai xi bei; gang rou zhi ji ye。 gu wei zhi fu mu。 yang cheng zhen dong, fa er xiang cheng, zhuan zhi sui xing, wan wu yi xing, gu wei zhi chang nan; shui lao yu chen, jin sheng yu si, yi qi cun zhi, zhong er fu qi, gu xun wei chang nv; zhen fa yu feng, yin de you ji, huo zhong bei? ming, mu dao jiang shi, gu li wei zhong nv; you zai xi bei, jian zhan jiang sheng, ji yin you mei, shuai er bu sheng, gu dui wei shao nv。 cang zhong ba liu, zhao you wei yang, zai zhong wei da, han er wei zhang, gu kan wei zhong nan; zhou liu jie he, wan wu ji zhong, zao wei geng shi, ming er wei rong, gu gen wei shao nan。 qian yuan kun fang, nv rou nan gang, jian rou shi tui, er fu huo shi jiang, xun hua zhi sheng, cong bian jian wang; gu ji xiong cheng bai, bu ke luan ye。
da guo he ye? dong rao mo fu, da zhe guo ye。 xian wang zhi yu shi ye。 xing she er bu fan, fa zhu er bu shi, xi kan gang zhong, wei yi xin heng, wang zheng qi de, gong shou jue zhi, shang xia bu yi, chen zhu wu huo。 na yue zi you, fei hu he jiu? che qi zhong men, jian ji zai ta, sui? cong ji, xiong yi san sui, shang liu shi dao, xing jue ye。 gu gao zong fa gui fang, rou dao zhong ye; san nian you shang, de nai feng ye。 tong ren wu( yi zuo「 xian」。) hao, si qi zhong ye; lv shang zhi mei, le qi qiong ye。 shi yi shi xing zhe yan er bu jian, sang de zhe gao er bu zun, gu jun zi zheng yi yi shou wei, gu fa yi wei min, he qu ze heng, mie er er xiong ye。 xiao guo he ye? yu wei ling shang, hai zheng wei shen, xiao zhe guo ye。 ji ji chu liu zhong luan he ye? shui jia ri shang, san yin cheng yang, yi li qiu ji, bu zhi bi wang, gu chu ji zhong luan ye。 wei ji shang liu, yin jiu wu jiu, he ye? guo er mo gai, wei er fu jian, shui jiu zhi ye? wu wang he ye? wu wang er zhi, fei hui he yin yang zhi wei xing ye。 liu san, wu wang zhi zai, huo xi zhi niu, xing ren de zhi, yi ren zai, he ye? you guo er bu shou qi min, you zhong er bu xiu qi qi, xing ren de zhi, bu yi zai hu? jiu wu zhi ji wu yao, he ye? fei chang zhi hou, li yi wei tong, wu wang zhi ji, zai yi chu xiong, tian shi cheng bai, he ji zhi gong? wu yao you xi, bu cheng he shi( yi zuo「 shi」) ye。
long zhe he ye? yang jian zhi lei, sheng de zun gui zhi yu ye。 pei tian zhi hou, sheng de mo gao zhi wei zun gui。 da ren shou ming, chu zhong dang yang, de zhi zhi ye。 kang long you hui, he ye? ji shou cheng gui, you yin er de bu chong zhe ye。 yu da er bu gu qi xiao, gan chi er bu si qi kui, ju zheng shang wei er wu bei, you gui lao er wu ju, sang zhi wei shen, shi yi hui ye。 xian wang he ye? da ren zhi gong ye。 gu jian wan guo, qin zhu hou, shu qi yi ye。 zuo le jian shang di, zheng qi ming ye; sheng fang guan min, shi qi ling ye; ming fa chi fa, du qi zheng ye; bi guan bu xing, jing luan min ye; mao shi yu de, ying xian qi fu ye; xiang di li miao, zhao qi lu ye。 cheng sheng wang suo zao, fei cheng ping zhi wei ye。 hou zhe he ye? cheng jun ding wei, ju ye xiu zhi, bao jiao shou fa, chu lv zhi an zhe ye。 gu zi ran cheng gong ji yong, yi zhi da tong, hou cheng tian di zhi dao yi zuo you min ye。 cheng hua li jue, shi ling gao fang, yin tong shao shuai, zhong chu jiang zheng zhi wu, fei ying chu shou ming zhi shi ye。 shang zhe he ye? ri yue xiang yi, sheng shuai xiang ji, zhi shi ze li zhi wei jie shou, gu wang hou bu cheng, jun zi bu cuo, shang yi hou xia, dao zi ran ye。 jun zi zhe he ye? zuo sheng fu ming, yi jiao ming fa, guan shi er xing, you dao er chen ren zhe ye。 yin zheng de yi li qi yi, cha wei fei yi shou qi shen。 gu jing lun yi zheng ying, guo xing yi sui yi, yin shi yi xu shi, bian yi yi zuo shi, jie suo yi zhang xian wang zhi jian guo, fu sheng ren zhi shen zhi ye。 jian xian lv nan, si huan yu fang, bie wu ju fang, shen chu jing shi, jie ren chen zhi xing, fei da jun zhi dao ye。 da ren zhe he ye? long de qian da, gui jian tong ming, you wei wu cheng, da yi xing zhi, gu da guo mie shi tian xia you ming, da ren fa hui zhong guang, ji ming zhao yu si fang, wan wu yang sheng, he de tian di, bu wei er cheng, gu da ren hu bian, tian de xing ye。 jun zi yue:《 yi》, shun tian di, xu wan wu, fang yuan you zheng ti, si shi you chang wei, shi ye you suo li, niao shou you suo cui, gu wan wu mo bu yi ye。 yin yang xing sheng, xing gu you gang rou, gang rou qing sheng, qing gu you ai e。 ai e sheng de shi, de shi sheng hui lin, hui lin zhu er ji xiong jian。 ba gua ju fang yi zheng xing, zhu gui yuan tong yi suo qing。 qing xing jiao er li hai chu, gu li ren yi yi ding xing, qu zhu gui yi zhi qing。 ren yi you ou er huo fu fen, shi gu sheng ren yi jian tian xia zhi wei, shou zun bei zhi zhi, xu yin yang zhi shi, bie gang rou zhi jie。 shun zhi zhe cun, ni zhi zhe wang, de zhi zhe shen an, shi zhi zhe shen wei, gu fan zhi yi bie( yi zuo「 li」。) qiu zhe, sui ji bi xiong; zhi zhi yi shou du zhe, sui qiong bi tong。 gu ji mo zhe de zhi zhu, zi sui zhe zei zhi yuan, jin wang zhe fan zhi chu, zhong jin zhe shi zhi gen ye。 shi yi wei zhi bu ke che ye。 yi yong bu ke yue ye。 zhou you tian xia zhi hao, er bi pi fu zhi lei lin; zhou chu xiao hou zhi xi, er xiang yu xi shan zhi bin。 wai nei zhi ying yi shi, er gui jian zhi ming wei fen, he ye? tian dao wei jiu, shan e wei chun ye。 shi yi ming fu tian zhi dao zhe bu yu, shen hu ren zhi de zhe bu you。 zai shang er bu ling hu xia, chu bei er bu fan hu gui, gu dao bu ke ni, de bu ke fu ye。 shi yi sheng ren du li wu men, da qun bu yi, shi zhi er dao cun, yong zhi er bu ke ji。
you ci guan zhi,《 yi》 yi tong yi。
◇ tong lao lun
sheng ren ming yu tian ren zhi li, da yu zi ran zhi fen, tong yu zhi hua zhi ti, shen yu da shen zhi xun, gu jun chen chui gong, wan tai su zhi pu; bai xing xi yi, bao xing ming zhi he。(《 yu lan》 yi) dao zhe, fa zi ran er wei hua, hou wang neng shou zhi, wan wu jiang zi hua。《 yi》 wei zhi「 tai ji」,《 chun qiu》 wei zhi「 yuan」,《 lao zi》 wei zhi「 dao」。(《 yu lan》 yi)
san huang yi dao, wu di zhang de, san wang shi ren, wu ba xing yi, qiang guo ren zhi。 gai you lie zhi yi, bo hou zhi jiang ye。(《 yu lan》 qi shi qi)
◇ da zhuang lun
yi dan e zhi chen, zhi xu zhi sui, wan wu quan yu zhi shi, ji qiu yao ye zhi yue, xian sheng pai huai ao xiang, ying feng er you, wang zun hu chi shui zhi shang, lai deng hu yin ben zhi qiu, lin hu qu yuan zhi dao, gu hu yang mang zhi zhou, huang ran er zhi, hu ran er xiu, bu shi nang zhi suo yi xing, jin zhi suo yi liu, chang ran er wu le, qiao ran er gui bai su yan。 ping zhou xian ju, yin ji er dan qin。 yu shi jin shen hao shi zhi tu xiang yu wen zhi, gong yi zhuan ci he ju, qi suo chang yi。 nai kui jian zheng shi, jiao chi xian yin, tui nian nie zhong, xiang sui ju jin。 yi yi ran bu, yue shang yue shang ran shi, tou ji dao jie, qu er xiang zhi。 cha jian er zuo, gong xiu er jian, you yu xiang lin。( yi zuo xi。) mo ken xian zhan。
you yi ren, shi qi zhong xiong jie ye。 nai nu mu ji shi er da yan yue:「 wu sheng hu tang yu zhi hou, chang hu wen wu zhi yi, you hu cheng kang zhi long, sheng hu jin zhe zhi shi, song hu liu jing zhi jiao, xi hu wu ru zhi ji, bei sha yi、 guan fei he、 chui qu qun、 yang shuang? you ri yi; er wei wen hu zhi dao zhi yao, you yi yi zhi yu si hu! qie da ren cheng zhi, xi ren cheng zhi; yuan wen zhi jiao, yi fa qi yi。」 xian sheng yue:「 he zai, zi zhi suo yi zhe?」 ke yue:「 tian dao gui sheng,(《 yi wen lei ju》 san shi qi zuo「 gui shun」。) di dao gui zhen, sheng ren xiu zhi, yi jian qi ming, ji xiong you fen, shi fei you jing, wu li gao shi, e si zhong sheng, gu tian xia an er da gong cheng ye。 jin zhuang zhou nai qi huo fu er yi si sheng, yi da di wei yi wu, yi wan lei wei yi zhi, wu nai jiao huo yi shi zhen, er zi yi wei cheng zhe ye?」
yu shi xian sheng nai fu qin rong yu, kai ran er tan, fu er wei xiao, yang er liu mian, xu? xi jing shen, yan qi suo jian yue:「 xi ren you yu guan yu lang feng zhi shang zhe, zi duan mian, fu hua liu, zhi hu kun lun zhi xia, mei er bu fan。 duan mian zhe, chang fu zhi shi; hua liu zhe, fan cheng zhi er; fei suo yi jiao teng zeng cheng zhi shang, you xuan pu zhi zhong ye。 qie zhu long zhi guang, bu zhao yi tang zhi shang; tang shan zhi kou, bu tan qu shi zhi nei。 jin wu jiang duo cui wei zhi gao, du yan man zhi liu, yan zi zhi suo you, ji qi wu er huo ji hu!
tian di sheng yu zi ran, wan wu sheng yu tian di。 zi ran zhe wu wai, gu tian di ming yan; tian di zhe you nei, gu wan wu sheng yan。 dang qi wu wai, shui wei yi hu? dang qi you nei, shui wei shu hu? di liu(《 yi wen lei ju》 zuo「 di shen」。) qi zao, tian kang qi shi。 yue dong chu, ri xi ru, sui yi xiang cong, jie er hou he, sheng wei zhi yang, jiang wei zhi yin。 zai di wei zhi li, zai tian wei zhi wen。 zheng wei zhi yu, san wei zhi feng; yan wei zhi huo, ning wei zhi bing; xing wei zhi shi, xiang wei zhi xing; shuo wei zhi chao, hui wei zhi ming; tong wei zhi chuan, hui wei zhi yuan; ping wei zhi tu, ji wei zhi shan。 nan nv tong wei, shan ze tong qi, lei feng bu xiang she, shui huo bu xiang bo。 tian di he qi de, ri yue shun qi guang, zi ran yi ti, ze wan wu jing qi chang。 ru wei zhi you, chu wei zhi zhang, yi qi sheng shuai, bian hua er bu shang。 shi yi zhong yin lei dian, fei yi chu ye; tian di ri yue, fei shu wu ye。 gu yue: zi qi yi zhe shi zhi, ze gan dan chu yue ye; zi qi tong zhe shi zhi, ze wan wu yi ti ye。 ren sheng tian di zhi zhong, ti zi ran zhi xing。 shen zhe, yin yang zhi jing qi ye; xing zhe, wu xing zhi zheng xing ye; qing zhe, you hun zhi bian yu ye; shen zhe, tian di zhi suo yi yu zhe ye。 yi sheng yan zhi, ze wu wu bu shou; tui zhi yi si, ze wu wu bu yao。 zi xiao shi zhi, ze wan wu mo bu xiao; you da guan zhi, ze wan wu mo bu da。 shang zi wei shou, peng zu wei yao; qiu hao wei da, tai shan wei xiao; gu yi si sheng wei yi guan, shi fei wei yi tiao ye。
bie er yan zhi, ze xu mei yi ming; he er shuo zhi, ze ti zhi yi mao ye。 bi liu jing zhi yan, fen chu zhi jiao ye; zhuang zhou zhi yun, zhi yi zhi ci ye。 da er lin zhi, ze zhi ji wu wai; xiao er li zhi, ze wu you qi zhi。 fu shou shen wu zhi shu, shen zuo you zhi ming, yi qu zhi shuo ye; xun zi ran zhu( yi zuo「 xing」。) tian di zhe, liao kuo zhi tan ye。 fan er mu zhi ming, fen zhi shi chu, guan bu yi si, ju feng qi shen, fei yi jue shou zu、 lie zhi ti ye。 ran hou shi zhi hao yi zhe bu gu qi ben, ge yan wo er ji yi, he dai yu bi? can sheng hai xing, hai wei chou di, duan ge zhi ti, bu yi wei tong; mu shi se ran er bu gu er zhi suo wen, er suo ting er bu dai xin zhi suo si, xin ben yu er bu shi xing zhi suo an, gu ji《 bing er》 meng ze sheng bu jin, huo luan zuo ze wan wu can yi。 fu zhi ren zhe, tian yu sheng er jing yu si。 sheng tian ze qing bu huo, si jing ze shen bu li, gu neng yu yin yang hua er bu yi, cong tian di bian er bu yi。 sheng jiu qi shou, si xun qi yi, xin qi ping zhi, bu xiao bu kui(《 yi wen lei ju》 zuo「 xiao xi bu kui」。) shi yi guang cheng zi chu kong dong zhi shan yi ru wu qiong zhi men, xuan yuan deng kun lun zhi fu er yi xuan shu zhi gen, ci ze qian shen zhe yi yi wei huo, er li ben zhe nan yu yong cun ye。 feng yi bu yu hai ruo, ze bu yi ji wei xiao; yun jiang bu shi yu qi hong meng, ze wu yi zhi qi shao。 you si yan zhi, zi shi zhe bu zhang, zi jian zhe bu li, shou qi you zhe you ju, chi qi wu zhe wu zhi。 yue xian ze man, ri chao ze xi, xian chi bu liu yang gu zhi shang, er xuan che zhi hou jiang ru ye。 gu qiu de zhe sang, zheng ming zhe shi, wu yu zhe zi zu, kong xu zhe shou shi。 fu shan jing er gu shen zhe, zi ran zhi dao ye; de zhi dao er zheng zhe, jun zi zhi shi ye。 shi yi zuo zhi zao qiao zhe hai yu wu, ming shi kao fei zhe wei qi shen, xiu shi yi xian jie zhe huo yu sheng, wei si er chong sheng zhe shi( yi zuo「 luan」。) qi zhen。 gu zi ran zhi li bu de zuo, tian di bu tai er ri yue zheng sui, chao xi shi qi er zhou ye wu fen, jing zhu qu li, chuan yi heng chi, fu zi bu he, jun chen guai li。 gu fu yan yi qiu xin zhe, liang xia zhi cheng ye; ke ji wei ren zhe, guo wai zhi ren ye; qie qi zhi jing zhe。( ci ju wu。) wang jia zhi zi ye; ku fu ge ji zhe, luan guo zhi chen ye; yao jing hua、 bei hang xie zhe, hun shi zhi shi ye; lv shuang lu、 meng chen ai zhe, tan mao zhi min ye; jie ji yi you shi, xiu shen yi ming wu zhe, fei bang zhi shu ye; fan cheng shi fei, bei zhi zhui wen zhe, mi wang zhi lun ye; cheng( yi zuo「 cheng」。) fei mei yue, yi rong qiu fu, gu bei zhu yu yi fu shui huo zhe, jie zhou zhi zhong ye; han shu cai wei, jiao e er si, yan yi zhi qiong ye。 shi yi ming li zhi tu kai, ze zhong xin zhi cheng bo; shi fei zhi ci zhu, ze chun hou zhi qing shuo ye。 gu zhi dao zhi ji, hun yi bu fen, tong wei yi ti, de shi wu wen。 fu xi shi jie sheng, shen nong jiao geng, ni zhi zhe si, shun zhi zhe sheng。 you an zhi tan wu zhi wei fa, er zhen bai zhi wei ming hu! shi zhi de zhi yao, wu wai er yi。 da jun chun gu, bu er qi ji, qing jing ji mo, kong huo yi qi, shan e mo zhi fen, shi fei wu suo zheng, gu wan wu fan qi suo er de qi qing ye。 ru mo zhi hou, jian bai bing qi, ji xiong lian wu, de shi zai xin, jie tu ju dang, bian shuo xiang qin。 xi da qi zhi xiong, san jin zhi shi, chang xiang yu ming mu zhang dan, fen bie ci yi, xian yi wei bai nian zhi sheng nan zhi, er ri yue zhi cuo wu chang, jie sheng pu ma, xiu yi chang, mei zhu yu, shi wei qiang, chu mei jun shang, ru qi fu xiong, jiao li cai zhi, jing zhu zong heng, jia yi hui zi can, guo yi cai chen wang, gu bu zhong qi tian nian, er da zi ge fan qi yu shi su ye。 shi yi shan zhong zhi mu, ben da er mo shang。 fu( huo zuo「 chui」。) wan shu qiao( yi zuo「 wu」。) xiang he, hu yan zi yi。 fu yan zhi bu cun, wu qi zhi er zhuo qi wen, si sheng wu bian, er gui zhi jian bao, zhi ji xiong ye。 gu zhi ren qing qi zhi er zhuo qi wen, si sheng wu bian er wei shi you yun。 fu bie yan zhe, huai dao zhi tan ye; zhe bian zhe, hui de zhi duan ye; qi fen zhe, yi shen zhi ji ye; er xin zhe, wan wu zhi huan ye。 gu fu zhuang shu ma shi zhe, xing yi li zhi( yi zuo「 jiao」。) lv zai cheng bai zhe, zuo er qiu di; yu zu gong xian zhe, zhao shi zhi ren ye; ju shan tian hai zhe, yan chu zhi ren ye。 zhuang zhou jian qi ruo ci, gu shu dao de zhi miao, xu wu wei zhi ben, yu yan yi guang zhi, jia wu yi yan zhi, liao yi yu wu wei zhi xin er xiao yao yu yi shi; qi jiang yi xi xian yang zhi men er yu ji xia zheng bian ye zai?
fu shan jie ren zhe, dao yan er yi, wu suo ni zhi。 gu gong meng ji zi yi xiu er jian, mo zi fu gong; zhong shan zi mou xin zai wei que, er zhan zi bu ju。 yin qi suo yi lai, yong qi suo yi zhi, xun er tai zhi, shi zi ju zhi; fa er kai zhi, shi zi shu zhi。 qie zhuang zhou zhi shu he zu dao zai! you wei wen fu tai shi zhi lun、 xuan gu zhi wei yan hu? zhi neng bu hai yu wu er xing yi sheng, wu wu suo hui er shen yi qing, xing shen zai wo er dao de cheng, zhong xin bu li er shang xia ping。 zi rong jin tan er tong gu, qi shuo er yi shu, shi xin neng shou qi ben, er kou fa bu xiang xu ye。
yu shi er san zi zhe, feng yao bo dang, xiang shi?? mai, luan ci er tui,? tang die shi ji。 sui er wang zhi er( huo zuo「 qi」。) hou po yi yi shi zhi qi wu shi, sang qi er can kui yu shuai pi ye。( ben ji, you lve jian《 yi wen lei ju》 san shi qi)
◇ wei zheng chong quan jin wang jian
chong deng si zui。 fu jian jia ming xian zhi, qie wen ming gong gu rang, chong deng juan juan, shi you yu xin, yi wei sheng wang zuo zhi, bai dai tong feng, bao de shang gong, you zi lai yi。 xi yi yin, you shen shi zhi ying chen er, yi zuo cheng tang, sui he「 e heng」 zhi hao; zhou gong ji yi cheng zhi shi, ju ji an zhi ye, guang zhai qu fu, yan you gui meng; lv shang,? xi zhi yu zhe, yi chao zhi hui, nai feng ying qiu。 zi shi yi lai, gong bo er shang hou zhe bu ke sheng shu, ran xian zhe zhi shi you yi wei mei tan。 kuang zi xian xiang guo yi lai, shi you ming de, yi fu wei shi yi sui tian xia, chao wu que zheng, min wu bang yan。 qian zhe ming gong xi zheng ling zhou, bei lin sha mo, yu zhong yi xi, wang feng zhen fu, qiang rong dong chi, hui shou nei xiang; dong zhu pan ni, quan jun du ke, qin he lv zhi jiang, zhan qing rui zhi zu yi wan wan ji, wei jia nan hai, ming she san yue, yu nei kang ning, ke te bu zuo, shi yi shu su wei wei, dong yi xian wu。 gu sheng shang lan nai xi yi lai li dian jiu zhang, kai guo guang zhai, xian zi tai yuan。 ming gong yi cheng sheng zhi, shou zi jie fu, yun dang tian ren。 yuan gong sheng xun guang guang ru bi, guo shi jia zuo wei wei ru ci, nei wai xie tong, mi qian mi wei。 you si zheng fa, ze ke chao fu ji jiang, sao chu wu hui; xi sai jiang yuan, wang si min shan, hui ge mi jie yi hui tian xia, yuan wu bu fu, er wu bu su。 jin da wei zhi de guang yu tang yu, ming gong sheng xun chao yu huan wen。 ran hou lin cang zhou er xie zhi bo, deng ji shan er yi xu you, qi bu sheng hu! zhi gong zhi ping, shui yu wei lin! he bi qin qin xiao rang ye zai? chong deng bu tong da ti, gan yi chen wen。(《 wen xuan》 you jian《 jin shu· wen di ji》) ◇ yi jiang gong zou ji ci pi ming
ji si zui si zui。 fu wei ming gong yi han yi zhi de, ju shang tai zhi wei, qun ying qiao shou, jun xian kang zu。 kai fu zhi ri, ren ren zi yi wei yuan shu, pi shu shi xia, er xia zou wei shou。 xi zi xia chu xi he zhi shang er wen hou yong hui, zou zi ju shu gu zhi yin er zhao wang pei cheng。 fu bu yi wei dai zhi shi, gu ju du li, wang gong da ren suo yi qu ti er xia zhi zhe, wei dao cun ye。 jin ji wu zou shang zhi de er you qi lou, wei fan da li, he yi dang zhi? fang jiang geng yu dong gao zhi yang, shu shu ji zhi yu shui, yi bi dang tu zhe zhi lu。 fu xin pi bing, zu li bu qiang, bu li zhi zhao, fei suo ke kan。 qi hui miu en, yi guang qing ju。(《 wen xuan》,《 jin shu· ruan ji chuan》)
wei you bi dun, xue xing gu ye, jin wu he su chong yu zhi gao, tui wu jing mo tian chong zhi cao wei jian xian shi, fei suo bei he。 jiu su? zhai, shou bing wei lie, bai ye zhi ming, wei gan kan ren。 xi rong qi dai suo, zhong ni bu yi qi san le; zhong zi shou zhi, chu wang bu duo qi guan yuan。 tan rong sai xian, mei jin fu ji, you wang jiao ji, wu qing xiang kui。 ming gong mou zong lu wei, xun long huan wen, guang yan jun jie, hui chong da ye。 qi jiang qi hui, yi bi qing lu, bi yuan jia xiang, wei meng yu xu。( ci pian ming ke ruan ji bu zai, jian jiu xie ben ji。) ◇ yu jin wen wang shu jian lu bo
gai wen xing hua ji zhi, zai yu de ren; shou qi ba yi, sheng xian gao zhi。 shi yi ba shi gui zhou, zhou dao yi long; yu shun deng yong, yuan kai xian shi。 fu wei ming gong gong hou, huang ling dan xiu, jiu de guang bei, ying qi zuo fu, lun dao fu hua, kai pi si men, yan na yu yi xian shi, yi zan yong xi。 shi yi ying jun zhi shi yuan pai huang ta, ce ming wei zhi, zhen jian zhi tu, fu cou da fu; cheng yi deng lin、 kun wu、 xiang feng suo qi; xuan li he si, chui ji suo ji。 fu jian bi zhou jia tong jun lu bo, nian san shi er, zi jing xuan, shao you cai xiu zhi yi, chang huai shu mao zhi liang。 dan dao yue li, zhang yi yi ren。 yan jing fen dian, chang tang du ao。 cong jian wu li, kou tong xuan miao。 zhen gu zu yi gan shi, zhong jing zu yi su chao, ming duan zu yi zhi yi, ji mi zu yi ying quan, lin fan bu huo, zai ji mi ming。 ruo de zuo shi li wu, ze zheng shi zhi qi; xian ming pin xiang, ze zhuan dui zhi cai。 qian xin tu ji, wen xue zhi zong。 fu zao zai shu, liang shi zhi biao。 ran er xue bu wei ren, xing bu qiu da, gu jiu shen lun, wei jie tai qing。 cheng hou men zhi xiu wei, dang shi zhi li qi, yi meng jing ming, he wei ding xuan。 kong zi yue:「 ru you suo yu, bi you suo shi。」 bo zhi suo neng, zhu zai yi xiao。 bu gan xu shi, qu bang da fu。( ben ji,《 yi wen lei ju》 wu shi san)
◇ da fu yi shu
ji bai: cheng yin lan zhi, you xin han ji。 fu jiu cang zhi gao, xun yu bu neng xun qi dian; si ming zhi shen, you lin bu neng ce qi di; shen wu mao fen suo neng lun zai! qie xuan yun wu ding ti, ying long bu chang yi; huo chao ji xi juan, xi hu dai xing; huo ni qian tian fei, chen jiang xiao sheng, shu ti ze ba wei bu zu yi chang ji, cu jie ze wu jian zu yi cong rong; shi you gu fu suo bu neng zhan, suo chong suo bu neng jie ye。 ran ze hong xiu yuan miao zhe, fei jin li suo neng jiu yi; ling bian shen hua zhe, fei ju qi suo neng cha yi。 he wu zi zhi qu qu er wu zhen zhi wu qiu hu! ren li shi bu neng qi, hao shang chuan yi。 luan feng ling yun han yi wu yi, jiu wan niao yue peng lin yi ao xiang; chi fu ba bin yi zhuo lin, bie yu xing liao er qun shi; si yong qing ge cong qi hao, yi qu le yan。 ju ci fei bi, hu ke qi hu? fu ren zhi li jie ye。 jiang shu wang yi long shi, qi zun zun yi ru wang? fang kai mo yi fan su, he xia hui zhi yi tong( huo zuo「 shi」) jian? ruo liang yun wei xie, shen ji wu zhun, ze teng jing kang zhi, miao shi gao chao, dang jing ju yu xuan qu zhi biao, shu miao jie yu jiu gai zhi wai。 er ao xiang zhi cheng jing yue? shen chuo ling hu huang, cong rong yu dao hua tong?, xiao yao yu ri yue bing liu, jiao ming xu yi qi bian, ji ying? yi deng hua。 shang hu wu shang, xia hu wu xia, ju hu wu shi, chu hu wu men。 qi wan wu zhi qu liu, sui liu qi zhi xu ying。 zong xuan wang yu tai ji, fu tian yi yu liao kuo。 piao ai bu neng yang qi bo, fei chen bu neng gou qi jie。 tu ji xing qu yu si yu, he jing shen zhi ke cha? sui ye wu bu wen, lve wu bu cheng, er ming you suo dai, wei ke guai ye。 guan jun zi zhi qu: yu? qing cheng zhi jin, qiu bai qian zhi shou; zhi zao tian zhi li, ni fu cun zhi jian; lao wang gong yi yi wu, shou sao hui yi zi bi; shen niu ji zhi? bo, yun he han zhi wu gen; qi lou ke kui, qi shi ke bei。 liang gui lve zhi xuan yu, xin da dao zhi hong you。 qie ju bu yu chang qu, wu wei si yuan yi zi chou。 bi lian zhen kui, li yu bu duo。 ruan ji bai。
◇ lao zi zan yin yang bu ce, bian hua wu lun。 piao yao tai su, gui xu fan zhen。(《 yu lan》 yi)
◇ tong yi lun
ruan zi yue:《 yi》 zhe he ye? nai xi zhi xuan zhen, wang gu zhi bian jing ye。 pao xi shi dang tian di yi zhong, zhi ren wu qiao cui, li yong bu cun, fa zhi yi mei, shen ming zhi de bu tong, wan wu zhi qing bu lei, yu shi shi zuo ba gua。 yin er shen zhi, chu lei er chang zhi, fen yin yang, xu gang rou, ji shan ze, lian shui huo, za er yi zhi, bian er tong zhi, zhong yu wei ji。 liu shi si gua jin er bu qiong, shi yi tian di xiang er wan wu xing, ji xiong zhu er hui lin sheng, shi yong you qu, bian hua you cheng。 nan mian ting duan, xiang ming er zhi, jie sheng er wei wang gu, zhi ri zhong zhi huo, xiu lei li si zhi li yi jiao, tian xia jie de qi suo。
huang di、 yao、 shun ying shi dang wu, ge you you qu, qiong shen zhi hua, shu ze tian xu。 pao xi shi bu yan liu shi si gua zhi bian; hou shi sheng ren guan er yin zhi, xiang er yong zhi。 yu tang zhi jing jie zai er shang gu zhi wen bu cun, zhi hu wen wang, gu xi qi ci, yu shi gui zang shi shi er zhou dian jing xing, shang xia wu chang, gang rou xiang yi, bu ke wei dian yao, wei bian suo shi, gu wei zhi yi。
《 yi》 zhi wei shu ye, ben tian di, yin yin yang, tui sheng shuai, chu zi you wei yi zhi ming zhu。 gu qian yuan chu「 qian long wu yong」, yan da ren zhi de yin er wei zhang, qian er wei da, dai shi er xing, xun bian er fa。 tian di ji mei, tun meng shi sheng, xu yi dai shi, song yi li yi, shi yi ju zhong, bi yi an min, shi yi「 xian wang yi jian wan guo, qin zhu hou」, shou qi xin ye。 yuan er ji zhi, chu er zhi zhi, shi yi shang xia he qia,「 cai cheng tian di zhi dao, fu xiang tian di zhi yi yi zuo you min」, shun qi li ye。 xian wang ji mei, de fa guai yi, shang ling xia ti, jun chen bu zhi, gang rou bu he, tian di bu jiao, shi yi jun zi yi lei qiu tong, e e yang shan, yi zhi qi da。 qian er guang zhi, bao duo yi gua, chong sheng shan yi ming, lei chu yu di, yu shi da ren de li, ming sheng you xing, gu xian wang zuo le jian shang di, zhao ming qi dao yi da tian kuang。 yu shi wan wu fu cong, sui er shi zhi, zi zun qi fu, chen cheng qi jun, lin yu tong yi, da guan tian xia, shi yi xian wang yi sheng fang guan min、 she jiao, yi zhi yi du ye。 bao er you zhi, he er han zhi, gu xian wang yong zhi yi ming fa chi fa。 zi shang nai xia, gui fu qi jian, mei cheng heng jin, shi ji ri zhi, xian wang bi guan, shang lv bu xing, hou bu sheng fang, yi jing min ye。 ji ye ji shuai, fei mou zhi huo, ying yun shun tian, bu wang er( yi zuo「 qi」。) zuo, gu xian wang mao dui shi yu wan wu, shi ren bu ze yi shu qi de ye。 wan wu gui sui, ru fa liu cheng, yang shan fan e, li ji sheng hai, gang guo shi bing, xi kan yi wei, shang shi qi dao, xia sang qi qun, yu shi da ren ji ming, zhao yu si fang, xian qi de ye。 zi qian yuan yi lai, shi ping er ming, sheng shuai you shi, gang rou wu chang, huo de huo shi, yi yin yi yang, chu ru ji xiong, you an cha zhang; wen ming yi zhi, you yi bu fei, sui zhi nai cun, qu zhi zhe gui, shi zhi yi ruo, yong zhi zai wei, gui bian shen xiao, yu wu xiang zhui。 fei zhi lai zang wang zhe, mo zhi neng shen ye。
《 yi》 zhi wei shu ye, fu dao tian di zhi dao, nang kuo wan wu zhi qing, dao zhi er fan, shi ji er gai。「 fan」 yong ying shi,「 gai」 yong dang wu。 ying shi, gu tian xia yang qi ze; dang wu, gu wan wu shi qi li。 ze shi er tian xia fu, ci tian xia zhi suo yi shun zi ran, hui sheng lei ye。 fu gui mou tian di, gong ming chong liu he, mo zhi neng qing, mo zhi neng hai zhe, dao bu ni ye。 tian di, yi zhi zhu ye。 wan wu, yi zhi xin ye; gu xu yi shou zhi, gan yi he zhi。 nan xia nv shang, tong qi qi ye; rou yi cheng gang, jiu qi lei ye; shun er chi zhi, dun er tui zhi。 shang long xia ji, gang dong da zhuang。 zheng da bi yong, li sheng ze wang; ming sheng wei jin, guang da ze shang; ju yi chu shen, yi yi cheng lei。 guai li ji jie, huan yi wei shi。 sun yi you shi, cha yi zhu shi。 yang yu wang ting, cheng wu ma bai。 gang ji jue rou, shang suo xia he。 ling chen zao ming jun, yi rou yu gang, pin wu xian heng。 gang ju zhong zheng, tian xia da xing, shi yi hou yong shi ming gao si guo, gui li jiao ye。 yu shi tian di cui ju, bai xing he yong。( yi zuo tong。) sheng er bu yi, jie ji ji xia, jing yang bu qiong, bei bu neng tong, bu ke fu ge。 gai yi cheng qi, zun bei you fen, chang you you xu。 zhu zhi yi zhen, shou zhi yi wei。 dong bu ke zhong, di ying er xing。 jian yi jin zhi, wei ren qiu wei, jun zi zhi yu jin zhe ye。 chen zhi qiu jun, yin zhi cong yang, wei zhi gui cheng, nai de qi suo。 gui er ying zhi, zhuan er yi zhi, yang de shou gui, dao feng wei da ye。 xian ren jun zi, you zhong yi cheng qi da ye。 qiong chi sang da fu zhi wei, qun er mi rong, rong er wu suo。 bei shen xia yi, li jian da ren。 xun yi shen ming, rou shun hu gang。 ru er shuo zhi, shuo er jiao zhi, shun er ying ren。 huan ran cheng zhang, feng xing shui shang, you wen you guang, nan xing bu qiong, nv wei hu wai, zhong yin cheng wu, shang tong zai zhong, cong chu geng shi, cheng mu you gong, gu xian wang yi xiang yu di, li miao, feng tian jian guo ye。 gang rou fen shi de zhong, jie zhi yi zhi, qi dao bu qiong。 xin ai jie nei, gang de zhong wei, cheng fa yu xin, shu wu wei lei, da de ze kui, shen wang ze guo, ji ying yu yuan, mo ze bu li, gu jun zi shi yi xing zhong hu gong, sang zhong hu ai, du wei bo ye。 xiao guo xia tai, bu yi yu shang, xia zhi shang dong, you fei niao zhi xiang yan。 chu liu kan xia, shang liu li ti, fei niao yi xiong, shi yi zai sheng ye。 rou chu zhong, gang shi wei, li yu shi xing, guo er yu sui, xiao heng zheng xiang, yin jie cheng yang, yang gang ling ti, jun chen yi wei, luan er bu yi, fei zhong zhi wei, gu jun zi si huan er yu fang zhi, lv qi bai ye。 tong bian wu qiong, zhou bai you shi, gang wei chu, yin zai zhong, rou ji bu yi, sui du bu qiong, ze xiang he、 luo, shen wu she jiao er tian xia fu。 shen bian ju fang, yin yang xiang qiu, chu yu zhi dao, yuan zuo zhi you ye。
gua ti kai he, qian yi yi wei kai, kun yi er wei he。 qian kun cheng ti er gang rou you wei, gu mu lao yu wei, shui sheng yu shen, er kun zai xi nan; huo lao yu xu, mu sheng yu hai, er qian zai xi bei; gang rou zhi ji ye。 gu wei zhi fu mu。 yang cheng zhen dong, fa er xiang cheng, zhuan zhi sui xing, wan wu yi xing, gu wei zhi chang nan; shui lao yu chen, jin sheng yu si, yi qi cun zhi, zhong er fu qi, gu xun wei chang nv; zhen fa yu feng, yin de you ji, huo zhong bei? ming, mu dao jiang shi, gu li wei zhong nv; you zai xi bei, jian zhan jiang sheng, ji yin you mei, shuai er bu sheng, gu dui wei shao nv。 cang zhong ba liu, zhao you wei yang, zai zhong wei da, han er wei zhang, gu kan wei zhong nan; zhou liu jie he, wan wu ji zhong, zao wei geng shi, ming er wei rong, gu gen wei shao nan。 qian yuan kun fang, nv rou nan gang, jian rou shi tui, er fu huo shi jiang, xun hua zhi sheng, cong bian jian wang; gu ji xiong cheng bai, bu ke luan ye。
da guo he ye? dong rao mo fu, da zhe guo ye。 xian wang zhi yu shi ye。 xing she er bu fan, fa zhu er bu shi, xi kan gang zhong, wei yi xin heng, wang zheng qi de, gong shou jue zhi, shang xia bu yi, chen zhu wu huo。 na yue zi you, fei hu he jiu? che qi zhong men, jian ji zai ta, sui? cong ji, xiong yi san sui, shang liu shi dao, xing jue ye。 gu gao zong fa gui fang, rou dao zhong ye; san nian you shang, de nai feng ye。 tong ren wu( yi zuo「 xian」。) hao, si qi zhong ye; lv shang zhi mei, le qi qiong ye。 shi yi shi xing zhe yan er bu jian, sang de zhe gao er bu zun, gu jun zi zheng yi yi shou wei, gu fa yi wei min, he qu ze heng, mie er er xiong ye。 xiao guo he ye? yu wei ling shang, hai zheng wei shen, xiao zhe guo ye。 ji ji chu liu zhong luan he ye? shui jia ri shang, san yin cheng yang, yi li qiu ji, bu zhi bi wang, gu chu ji zhong luan ye。 wei ji shang liu, yin jiu wu jiu, he ye? guo er mo gai, wei er fu jian, shui jiu zhi ye? wu wang he ye? wu wang er zhi, fei hui he yin yang zhi wei xing ye。 liu san, wu wang zhi zai, huo xi zhi niu, xing ren de zhi, yi ren zai, he ye? you guo er bu shou qi min, you zhong er bu xiu qi qi, xing ren de zhi, bu yi zai hu? jiu wu zhi ji wu yao, he ye? fei chang zhi hou, li yi wei tong, wu wang zhi ji, zai yi chu xiong, tian shi cheng bai, he ji zhi gong? wu yao you xi, bu cheng he shi( yi zuo「 shi」) ye。
long zhe he ye? yang jian zhi lei, sheng de zun gui zhi yu ye。 pei tian zhi hou, sheng de mo gao zhi wei zun gui。 da ren shou ming, chu zhong dang yang, de zhi zhi ye。 kang long you hui, he ye? ji shou cheng gui, you yin er de bu chong zhe ye。 yu da er bu gu qi xiao, gan chi er bu si qi kui, ju zheng shang wei er wu bei, you gui lao er wu ju, sang zhi wei shen, shi yi hui ye。 xian wang he ye? da ren zhi gong ye。 gu jian wan guo, qin zhu hou, shu qi yi ye。 zuo le jian shang di, zheng qi ming ye; sheng fang guan min, shi qi ling ye; ming fa chi fa, du qi zheng ye; bi guan bu xing, jing luan min ye; mao shi yu de, ying xian qi fu ye; xiang di li miao, zhao qi lu ye。 cheng sheng wang suo zao, fei cheng ping zhi wei ye。 hou zhe he ye? cheng jun ding wei, ju ye xiu zhi, bao jiao shou fa, chu lv zhi an zhe ye。 gu zi ran cheng gong ji yong, yi zhi da tong, hou cheng tian di zhi dao yi zuo you min ye。 cheng hua li jue, shi ling gao fang, yin tong shao shuai, zhong chu jiang zheng zhi wu, fei ying chu shou ming zhi shi ye。 shang zhe he ye? ri yue xiang yi, sheng shuai xiang ji, zhi shi ze li zhi wei jie shou, gu wang hou bu cheng, jun zi bu cuo, shang yi hou xia, dao zi ran ye。 jun zi zhe he ye? zuo sheng fu ming, yi jiao ming fa, guan shi er xing, you dao er chen ren zhe ye。 yin zheng de yi li qi yi, cha wei fei yi shou qi shen。 gu jing lun yi zheng ying, guo xing yi sui yi, yin shi yi xu shi, bian yi yi zuo shi, jie suo yi zhang xian wang zhi jian guo, fu sheng ren zhi shen zhi ye。 jian xian lv nan, si huan yu fang, bie wu ju fang, shen chu jing shi, jie ren chen zhi xing, fei da jun zhi dao ye。 da ren zhe he ye? long de qian da, gui jian tong ming, you wei wu cheng, da yi xing zhi, gu da guo mie shi tian xia you ming, da ren fa hui zhong guang, ji ming zhao yu si fang, wan wu yang sheng, he de tian di, bu wei er cheng, gu da ren hu bian, tian de xing ye。 jun zi yue:《 yi》, shun tian di, xu wan wu, fang yuan you zheng ti, si shi you chang wei, shi ye you suo li, niao shou you suo cui, gu wan wu mo bu yi ye。 yin yang xing sheng, xing gu you gang rou, gang rou qing sheng, qing gu you ai e。 ai e sheng de shi, de shi sheng hui lin, hui lin zhu er ji xiong jian。 ba gua ju fang yi zheng xing, zhu gui yuan tong yi suo qing。 qing xing jiao er li hai chu, gu li ren yi yi ding xing, qu zhu gui yi zhi qing。 ren yi you ou er huo fu fen, shi gu sheng ren yi jian tian xia zhi wei, shou zun bei zhi zhi, xu yin yang zhi shi, bie gang rou zhi jie。 shun zhi zhe cun, ni zhi zhe wang, de zhi zhe shen an, shi zhi zhe shen wei, gu fan zhi yi bie( yi zuo「 li」。) qiu zhe, sui ji bi xiong; zhi zhi yi shou du zhe, sui qiong bi tong。 gu ji mo zhe de zhi zhu, zi sui zhe zei zhi yuan, jin wang zhe fan zhi chu, zhong jin zhe shi zhi gen ye。 shi yi wei zhi bu ke che ye。 yi yong bu ke yue ye。 zhou you tian xia zhi hao, er bi pi fu zhi lei lin; zhou chu xiao hou zhi xi, er xiang yu xi shan zhi bin。 wai nei zhi ying yi shi, er gui jian zhi ming wei fen, he ye? tian dao wei jiu, shan e wei chun ye。 shi yi ming fu tian zhi dao zhe bu yu, shen hu ren zhi de zhe bu you。 zai shang er bu ling hu xia, chu bei er bu fan hu gui, gu dao bu ke ni, de bu ke fu ye。 shi yi sheng ren du li wu men, da qun bu yi, shi zhi er dao cun, yong zhi er bu ke ji。
you ci guan zhi,《 yi》 yi tong yi。
◇ tong lao lun
sheng ren ming yu tian ren zhi li, da yu zi ran zhi fen, tong yu zhi hua zhi ti, shen yu da shen zhi xun, gu jun chen chui gong, wan tai su zhi pu; bai xing xi yi, bao xing ming zhi he。(《 yu lan》 yi) dao zhe, fa zi ran er wei hua, hou wang neng shou zhi, wan wu jiang zi hua。《 yi》 wei zhi「 tai ji」,《 chun qiu》 wei zhi「 yuan」,《 lao zi》 wei zhi「 dao」。(《 yu lan》 yi)
san huang yi dao, wu di zhang de, san wang shi ren, wu ba xing yi, qiang guo ren zhi。 gai you lie zhi yi, bo hou zhi jiang ye。(《 yu lan》 qi shi qi)
◇ da zhuang lun
yi dan e zhi chen, zhi xu zhi sui, wan wu quan yu zhi shi, ji qiu yao ye zhi yue, xian sheng pai huai ao xiang, ying feng er you, wang zun hu chi shui zhi shang, lai deng hu yin ben zhi qiu, lin hu qu yuan zhi dao, gu hu yang mang zhi zhou, huang ran er zhi, hu ran er xiu, bu shi nang zhi suo yi xing, jin zhi suo yi liu, chang ran er wu le, qiao ran er gui bai su yan。 ping zhou xian ju, yin ji er dan qin。 yu shi jin shen hao shi zhi tu xiang yu wen zhi, gong yi zhuan ci he ju, qi suo chang yi。 nai kui jian zheng shi, jiao chi xian yin, tui nian nie zhong, xiang sui ju jin。 yi yi ran bu, yue shang yue shang ran shi, tou ji dao jie, qu er xiang zhi。 cha jian er zuo, gong xiu er jian, you yu xiang lin。( yi zuo xi。) mo ken xian zhan。
you yi ren, shi qi zhong xiong jie ye。 nai nu mu ji shi er da yan yue:「 wu sheng hu tang yu zhi hou, chang hu wen wu zhi yi, you hu cheng kang zhi long, sheng hu jin zhe zhi shi, song hu liu jing zhi jiao, xi hu wu ru zhi ji, bei sha yi、 guan fei he、 chui qu qun、 yang shuang? you ri yi; er wei wen hu zhi dao zhi yao, you yi yi zhi yu si hu! qie da ren cheng zhi, xi ren cheng zhi; yuan wen zhi jiao, yi fa qi yi。」 xian sheng yue:「 he zai, zi zhi suo yi zhe?」 ke yue:「 tian dao gui sheng,(《 yi wen lei ju》 san shi qi zuo「 gui shun」。) di dao gui zhen, sheng ren xiu zhi, yi jian qi ming, ji xiong you fen, shi fei you jing, wu li gao shi, e si zhong sheng, gu tian xia an er da gong cheng ye。 jin zhuang zhou nai qi huo fu er yi si sheng, yi da di wei yi wu, yi wan lei wei yi zhi, wu nai jiao huo yi shi zhen, er zi yi wei cheng zhe ye?」
yu shi xian sheng nai fu qin rong yu, kai ran er tan, fu er wei xiao, yang er liu mian, xu? xi jing shen, yan qi suo jian yue:「 xi ren you yu guan yu lang feng zhi shang zhe, zi duan mian, fu hua liu, zhi hu kun lun zhi xia, mei er bu fan。 duan mian zhe, chang fu zhi shi; hua liu zhe, fan cheng zhi er; fei suo yi jiao teng zeng cheng zhi shang, you xuan pu zhi zhong ye。 qie zhu long zhi guang, bu zhao yi tang zhi shang; tang shan zhi kou, bu tan qu shi zhi nei。 jin wu jiang duo cui wei zhi gao, du yan man zhi liu, yan zi zhi suo you, ji qi wu er huo ji hu!
tian di sheng yu zi ran, wan wu sheng yu tian di。 zi ran zhe wu wai, gu tian di ming yan; tian di zhe you nei, gu wan wu sheng yan。 dang qi wu wai, shui wei yi hu? dang qi you nei, shui wei shu hu? di liu(《 yi wen lei ju》 zuo「 di shen」。) qi zao, tian kang qi shi。 yue dong chu, ri xi ru, sui yi xiang cong, jie er hou he, sheng wei zhi yang, jiang wei zhi yin。 zai di wei zhi li, zai tian wei zhi wen。 zheng wei zhi yu, san wei zhi feng; yan wei zhi huo, ning wei zhi bing; xing wei zhi shi, xiang wei zhi xing; shuo wei zhi chao, hui wei zhi ming; tong wei zhi chuan, hui wei zhi yuan; ping wei zhi tu, ji wei zhi shan。 nan nv tong wei, shan ze tong qi, lei feng bu xiang she, shui huo bu xiang bo。 tian di he qi de, ri yue shun qi guang, zi ran yi ti, ze wan wu jing qi chang。 ru wei zhi you, chu wei zhi zhang, yi qi sheng shuai, bian hua er bu shang。 shi yi zhong yin lei dian, fei yi chu ye; tian di ri yue, fei shu wu ye。 gu yue: zi qi yi zhe shi zhi, ze gan dan chu yue ye; zi qi tong zhe shi zhi, ze wan wu yi ti ye。 ren sheng tian di zhi zhong, ti zi ran zhi xing。 shen zhe, yin yang zhi jing qi ye; xing zhe, wu xing zhi zheng xing ye; qing zhe, you hun zhi bian yu ye; shen zhe, tian di zhi suo yi yu zhe ye。 yi sheng yan zhi, ze wu wu bu shou; tui zhi yi si, ze wu wu bu yao。 zi xiao shi zhi, ze wan wu mo bu xiao; you da guan zhi, ze wan wu mo bu da。 shang zi wei shou, peng zu wei yao; qiu hao wei da, tai shan wei xiao; gu yi si sheng wei yi guan, shi fei wei yi tiao ye。
bie er yan zhi, ze xu mei yi ming; he er shuo zhi, ze ti zhi yi mao ye。 bi liu jing zhi yan, fen chu zhi jiao ye; zhuang zhou zhi yun, zhi yi zhi ci ye。 da er lin zhi, ze zhi ji wu wai; xiao er li zhi, ze wu you qi zhi。 fu shou shen wu zhi shu, shen zuo you zhi ming, yi qu zhi shuo ye; xun zi ran zhu( yi zuo「 xing」。) tian di zhe, liao kuo zhi tan ye。 fan er mu zhi ming, fen zhi shi chu, guan bu yi si, ju feng qi shen, fei yi jue shou zu、 lie zhi ti ye。 ran hou shi zhi hao yi zhe bu gu qi ben, ge yan wo er ji yi, he dai yu bi? can sheng hai xing, hai wei chou di, duan ge zhi ti, bu yi wei tong; mu shi se ran er bu gu er zhi suo wen, er suo ting er bu dai xin zhi suo si, xin ben yu er bu shi xing zhi suo an, gu ji《 bing er》 meng ze sheng bu jin, huo luan zuo ze wan wu can yi。 fu zhi ren zhe, tian yu sheng er jing yu si。 sheng tian ze qing bu huo, si jing ze shen bu li, gu neng yu yin yang hua er bu yi, cong tian di bian er bu yi。 sheng jiu qi shou, si xun qi yi, xin qi ping zhi, bu xiao bu kui(《 yi wen lei ju》 zuo「 xiao xi bu kui」。) shi yi guang cheng zi chu kong dong zhi shan yi ru wu qiong zhi men, xuan yuan deng kun lun zhi fu er yi xuan shu zhi gen, ci ze qian shen zhe yi yi wei huo, er li ben zhe nan yu yong cun ye。 feng yi bu yu hai ruo, ze bu yi ji wei xiao; yun jiang bu shi yu qi hong meng, ze wu yi zhi qi shao。 you si yan zhi, zi shi zhe bu zhang, zi jian zhe bu li, shou qi you zhe you ju, chi qi wu zhe wu zhi。 yue xian ze man, ri chao ze xi, xian chi bu liu yang gu zhi shang, er xuan che zhi hou jiang ru ye。 gu qiu de zhe sang, zheng ming zhe shi, wu yu zhe zi zu, kong xu zhe shou shi。 fu shan jing er gu shen zhe, zi ran zhi dao ye; de zhi dao er zheng zhe, jun zi zhi shi ye。 shi yi zuo zhi zao qiao zhe hai yu wu, ming shi kao fei zhe wei qi shen, xiu shi yi xian jie zhe huo yu sheng, wei si er chong sheng zhe shi( yi zuo「 luan」。) qi zhen。 gu zi ran zhi li bu de zuo, tian di bu tai er ri yue zheng sui, chao xi shi qi er zhou ye wu fen, jing zhu qu li, chuan yi heng chi, fu zi bu he, jun chen guai li。 gu fu yan yi qiu xin zhe, liang xia zhi cheng ye; ke ji wei ren zhe, guo wai zhi ren ye; qie qi zhi jing zhe。( ci ju wu。) wang jia zhi zi ye; ku fu ge ji zhe, luan guo zhi chen ye; yao jing hua、 bei hang xie zhe, hun shi zhi shi ye; lv shuang lu、 meng chen ai zhe, tan mao zhi min ye; jie ji yi you shi, xiu shen yi ming wu zhe, fei bang zhi shu ye; fan cheng shi fei, bei zhi zhui wen zhe, mi wang zhi lun ye; cheng( yi zuo「 cheng」。) fei mei yue, yi rong qiu fu, gu bei zhu yu yi fu shui huo zhe, jie zhou zhi zhong ye; han shu cai wei, jiao e er si, yan yi zhi qiong ye。 shi yi ming li zhi tu kai, ze zhong xin zhi cheng bo; shi fei zhi ci zhu, ze chun hou zhi qing shuo ye。 gu zhi dao zhi ji, hun yi bu fen, tong wei yi ti, de shi wu wen。 fu xi shi jie sheng, shen nong jiao geng, ni zhi zhe si, shun zhi zhe sheng。 you an zhi tan wu zhi wei fa, er zhen bai zhi wei ming hu! shi zhi de zhi yao, wu wai er yi。 da jun chun gu, bu er qi ji, qing jing ji mo, kong huo yi qi, shan e mo zhi fen, shi fei wu suo zheng, gu wan wu fan qi suo er de qi qing ye。 ru mo zhi hou, jian bai bing qi, ji xiong lian wu, de shi zai xin, jie tu ju dang, bian shuo xiang qin。 xi da qi zhi xiong, san jin zhi shi, chang xiang yu ming mu zhang dan, fen bie ci yi, xian yi wei bai nian zhi sheng nan zhi, er ri yue zhi cuo wu chang, jie sheng pu ma, xiu yi chang, mei zhu yu, shi wei qiang, chu mei jun shang, ru qi fu xiong, jiao li cai zhi, jing zhu zong heng, jia yi hui zi can, guo yi cai chen wang, gu bu zhong qi tian nian, er da zi ge fan qi yu shi su ye。 shi yi shan zhong zhi mu, ben da er mo shang。 fu( huo zuo「 chui」。) wan shu qiao( yi zuo「 wu」。) xiang he, hu yan zi yi。 fu yan zhi bu cun, wu qi zhi er zhuo qi wen, si sheng wu bian, er gui zhi jian bao, zhi ji xiong ye。 gu zhi ren qing qi zhi er zhuo qi wen, si sheng wu bian er wei shi you yun。 fu bie yan zhe, huai dao zhi tan ye; zhe bian zhe, hui de zhi duan ye; qi fen zhe, yi shen zhi ji ye; er xin zhe, wan wu zhi huan ye。 gu fu zhuang shu ma shi zhe, xing yi li zhi( yi zuo「 jiao」。) lv zai cheng bai zhe, zuo er qiu di; yu zu gong xian zhe, zhao shi zhi ren ye; ju shan tian hai zhe, yan chu zhi ren ye。 zhuang zhou jian qi ruo ci, gu shu dao de zhi miao, xu wu wei zhi ben, yu yan yi guang zhi, jia wu yi yan zhi, liao yi yu wu wei zhi xin er xiao yao yu yi shi; qi jiang yi xi xian yang zhi men er yu ji xia zheng bian ye zai?
fu shan jie ren zhe, dao yan er yi, wu suo ni zhi。 gu gong meng ji zi yi xiu er jian, mo zi fu gong; zhong shan zi mou xin zai wei que, er zhan zi bu ju。 yin qi suo yi lai, yong qi suo yi zhi, xun er tai zhi, shi zi ju zhi; fa er kai zhi, shi zi shu zhi。 qie zhuang zhou zhi shu he zu dao zai! you wei wen fu tai shi zhi lun、 xuan gu zhi wei yan hu? zhi neng bu hai yu wu er xing yi sheng, wu wu suo hui er shen yi qing, xing shen zai wo er dao de cheng, zhong xin bu li er shang xia ping。 zi rong jin tan er tong gu, qi shuo er yi shu, shi xin neng shou qi ben, er kou fa bu xiang xu ye。
yu shi er san zi zhe, feng yao bo dang, xiang shi?? mai, luan ci er tui,? tang die shi ji。 sui er wang zhi er( huo zuo「 qi」。) hou po yi yi shi zhi qi wu shi, sang qi er can kui yu shuai pi ye。( ben ji, you lve jian《 yi wen lei ju》 san shi qi)
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